Operations Strategy of Asa Essay

The mission of ASA, Inc. is to provide students with a more convenient option for food, a reasonably price of the food and delivery services. It would seem to be encouraging students to use the on campus food service as opposed to off campus foods. This mission was seen as a plan to keep business on campus. ASA’s competitive advantage is the location, more than half of the students will still be eating at the ASA facilities. ASA is a specialized food-services operator for university and college, through the surveys to determine customer needs and the market trends. ASA’s core competencies are location of facilities, they could provide a good product quicker and more conveniently than off campus competitors. For example, the pizza service, ASA can provide delivery service quicker and at a lower cost. Initially, Renee Kershaw chooses to use her pizza operations to compete with off campus eateries base on delivery service and price. The pizza is delivering by the bicycle on-campus. Students would have not only greater variety but also the convenience of having food delivered quickly to their rooms. Kershaw limited the combinations of toppings available to keep costs down and provide fast delivery. Her competitive priorities were delivery speed and price. The on-campus location and limited combinations of toppings make these priorities possible. The new food court located on-campus, have the same advantage as ASA. The direct competitor, Pizza Hut was providing a limited selection of pizzas on a â€Å"walk-up-and-order† basis. Most likely they can also provide product at similar prices, and offering a limited menu. But Pizza Hut has the brand names. However, ASA still maintains its delivery advantage. The new competitive priorities might focus on expending product variety and provide good quality, because the grill’s supervisor had told that the requests for pizza toppings and combinations not on the menu had steadily increased, it show that a customer interest in variety. An increased in product variety will affect both service and cost. The capacities of existing equipment and space allocated for making and cooking pizzas now were insufficient to meet demand. Kershaw will need to add capacity and to hire additional workers to maintain service.

Explanation of Human Behavior Essay

The history of evolutionary psychology began with Charles Darwin, who proposed that humans have social instincts that evolved by natural selection. Darwin’s work inspired later psychologists such as William James and Sigmund Freud but for most of the 20th century psychologists focused more on behaviorism and proximate explanations for human behavior. As school psychology transitions into an outcome-oriented profession, we continue to evolve new ways to bring science into applied practice in schools. This evolution is critical to the continued importance and viability of school psychology in U.S. schools. In the years since the inception of school psychology, many applications of science in practice have occurred, each with increased effectiveness. We stand at the threshold of the next iteration in that direction. ( Best Practices in School Psychology V) Psychological each perspective has its strengths and weaknesses, and brings something different to our understanding of human behavior. For this reasons, it is important that psychology does have different perspectives to the understanding and study of human and animal behavior. Genetic potential theoretical optimum performance capability an individual could achieve in a specific activity after an ideal upbringing, nutrition and training. In real terms it may be assumed that the finalists in a world championship are among the human beings whose performance comes closest to their genetic potential. Environmental influences sometimes it depends on the environment we grow up in are known to affect traits like our height and weight and out IQ, and our chances of developing a behavioral problems. The roots of all behavior and cognitive are to found in both our biology, due to genetic inheritance, and in experience, due to are environment.  So it involves nature and nurture. Personal choice is on the other side, nurture. The idea that people are products of their environments, and environment/socialization is a big factor in making people who they are, the messages they absorb, the behaviors they are compelled to imitate, which presumes all manner of social constructs that don’t exist in real life yet are assumed to exist in the same way/same forms because of the general outcome (for instance, the myth of â€Å"shared girlhood† and the idea that all small humans absorb socialization  of one form or another in the same way as everyone else as these passive receivers of external things that most of them may not even understand.) The ability to choose is what makes humans human. We can even alter the evolution of our own species, consciously, via free will and choice. Humans can make themselves whatever they choose to, because they chose to. References: http://www.nasponline.org/publications/booksproducts/ Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema Pathophysiology Research Paper

Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema Pathophysiology - Research Paper Example The exact prevalence of these lung diseases across the globe is not well known. In this article, both the diseases with be discussed by comparing and contrasting with each other. Definitions Chronic bronchitis is defined clinically as a condition in which the patient suffers from expectorant cough for a minimum of 3 months for 2 consecutive years (Celli, 2008). The diagnosis is mainly through clinical presentation. On the other hand, emphysema is defined as a condition in which the patient has permanent and abnormal enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and associated with destruction of the walls without any obvious fibrosis (Celli, 2008). Chest radiography and pulmonary function tests are needed to arrive at the diagnosis. Pathophysiology In chronic bronchitis, there is typical inflammation of the bronchi. The endothelium is damaged because of which the mucociliary response is impaired. This leads to improper clearance of bacteria and mucus. Thus, inflamm ation, along with inadequate clearance of mucus contributes to obstruction in the disease. There is histopathological evidence of goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus plugging, smooth muscle hyperplasia and fibrosis. Alveolar attachments that are supportive are lost, the airways are deformed and the air lumens are narrowed. The capillary pulmonary bed is undamaged. In emphysema, the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles are enlarged permanently, because of which alveolar surface area necessary for gas exchange is decreased. Loss of alveolar walls leads to decreased elastic recoil property of the alveoli, causing limitations to airflow. Decrease in the alveolar limiting structure causes narrowing of the airway, causing further limitation of airflow. There are 3 characteristic patterns of morphology in emphysema and they are centriacinar, panacinar and distal acinar. In centriacinar type, destruction is mainly in the central portions of the acini. In panacinar type, entire alveolus i s involved. In distal acinar type, only those acini in the distal portion of the airways in involved. (Maclay et al, 2009). Etiology and pathogenesis The most common etiological agent in both chronic bronchitis and emphysema is cigarette smoking. Smoking over a long duration of time triggers the macrophages to release chemotactic factors like elastases which destroy the tissues of the lung. Passive smoking and other environmental factors also can contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Airway hyperresponsiveness is a risk factor for chronic bronchitis. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, a genetic disorder, is an important risk factor for chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, especially emphysema. Intravenous drug abuse is another important risk factor for emphysema. The disease occurs because of the pulmonary vascular damage that occurs due to insoluble fillers present in the drugs. Immunodeficiency syndromes like HIV infection, vasculitis disorders, connective tissue dis orders and Salla disease are risk factors for both chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Celli, 2008). Prognosis As far as prognosis is concerned, both the conditions are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The prognosis is worse in emphysema because of damage to pulmonary vascular bed. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is infact, the fourth leading cause of mortality in the United States. Both chronic bronch

Digital Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Digital Security - Essay Example Digital security devices include secure personal devices such as SIM cards, smart-card based USB tokens, e-passports, secure chips in contactless payment cards, and they give an individual the freedom to shop, communicate, travel, work and bank using his or her digital identity in a manner that is enjoyable, convenient and secure. Therefore, digital security is of utmost important since a lot of information is available on the various digital platforms. Some is personal or private information and some is extremely sensitive information. Therefore, any person or firm needs to put in place security measures that ensure that the security of systems is not breached. This paper examines computer security principles, cryptology and its associated applications and secure software engineering. Computer Security Principles There are many methods and approaches that are used to secure computer systems. However, specific intrinsic expectations have to be met regardless of whether the system is large or small, or is owned by a private organization of by a government. Therefore, there exists generally accepted system security. These principles usually address computer security from an extremely high-level point, and are to be applied when developing computer security policy and programs, and in the creation of new systems, policies and practices (Guttman & Swanson, 1996). Thus, practices encompass broad areas such as accountability, integration and cost-effectiveness. Principles differ from practices in the sense that the latter guides organizations on the types of objectives, procedures and controls that constitute an effective computer security program. Principle 1: Computer Security Supports the Organization’s Mission The aim of computer security is to protect the valuable resources of an organization. These include software, hardware and information. By selecting and applying adequate safeguards, computer security supports a firm’s mission by protecting it s financial and physical resources, legal position, reputation, employees and other intangible and tangible assets (NIST, 1995). Sometimes security can be viewed as a nuisance due to the rules and procedures that are imposed on systems, users and managers. However, well-chosen security procedures and rules are there to protect significant assets as well as support the overall mission of the firm. As such, security should be viewed as a means to an end, and not an end in itself. Take an example of a private business. Usually, making profit is primary while good security is secondary. Therefore, security should be able to support this primary goal of making profit. Principle 2: Computer Security is an Integral Element of Sound Management Information and computer systems are crucial assets that support an organization’s mission. Protecting these systems is as important as the protection of other organizational resources such as employees, physical assets and money. It should be observed that the inclusion of security considerations in managing computers and information does not totally eradicate the possibility that the assets might be harmed. According to Hayden & Feringa (2004), this is why the managers of an organization have to decide the level of risk that they are ready to accept, taking into the account the costs associated with security controls. When a firm’

1.Critically evaluate the claim that high commitment HRM leads to Essay

1.Critically evaluate the claim that high commitment HRM leads to improved levels of organisational performance - Essay Example There is an ever increasing trend for quality to be the major criterion that determines productivity, rather than a singular focus on costs which was the guiding principle prior to globalization. The new organizational approach therefore focuses on employee participation in decision making and a new set of human resource practices have evolved, focusing upon improvement in employee welfare through training, compensation and profit sharing, to motivate them in achieving this objective. These human resource practices are collectively referred to as high commitment HRM. In the present day competitive environment, people are viewed as an organization’s most valuable resource. While it may not be difficult for competitor companies to imitate products that are produced by one Company, it is next to impossible for one organization to imitate the people or replicate their skills. Human resource strategies within an organization are difficult to imitate because of path dependency, i,e, they are based upon organizational policies that have evolved over time. This is the reason why human resource management and its associated practices have come to be recognised as one of the most important factors that could impart a strategic advantage to an organization in competing in the global marketplace.(Boxall and Purcell, 2003). The scope of High Commitment HRM encompasses the notion of best practices in human resource management and the underlying premise is that there are some HR practices which have the potential to bring about improved organisational performance for all organisations (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005:72). According to Baron and Kreps (1999), high commitment HRM is characterized by three kinds of goals. Firstly, employees need to clearly understand what the best interests of their organization are and work towards the achievement of those ends. Secondly, in order to achieve these best interests, employees should also be flexible enough to

ICT Effect on Teaching Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

ICT Effect on Teaching - Term Paper Example Information Communication Technology (ICT) is an umbrella name that covers a range of applications and devices used for collection, analyzing, storage, retrieval, processing and transmission of information for instance radio, computer hardware and software, television, satellite systems, video conferencing software, and cell phones. These applications and devices have played a big role in how various sectors perform their functions due to their ability to improve communication, assessment of objects while reducing the time taken to achieve desired results. The modern ICT usage has been a driving force in the creation of a global village, which refers to the current situation where people communicate with each other across the world in real time. The importance of ICT usage in the contemporary world lies less in the technology itself than in its potential to facilitate higher levels of access to information and communication in areas that record low usage of the different technologica l applications and devices. As a consequence of the focus on access to technology, different countries have put in place special organizations.This basis for concern by relevant authorities that if not less technologically innovative areas are supported with necessary infrastructure to catch up, the continued technological advances experienced in the industrialized countries will only serve to worsen the existing situation where the economic gap between those with an ability to use technology and who do not have been rising.

Individual report-corporate strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Individual report-corporate strategies - Essay Example With its vision of enabling its customers to make the most of their world and possibilities though the services it offers, O2 plc (O2) accomplishes its commitment of providing mobile communication services in Europe. The business organisation also profits from its leading mobile internet portal business. Armed with its values of being bold, trusted, open, and clear, O2 continues its quest to become the telecommunication industry’s market leader. The creation of O2 in the 1990s can be traced backed to the decision of British Telecommunication to â€Å"demerge its mobile phone business† in order to strengthen the financial position of the latter. From its beginning, the firm is currently a major player in the various nations where it operates including the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Germany, the Isle of Man, and Asia. As the business organisation is focused on satisfying consumer needs, O2 strategic business units are classified according to their geographic locations. It should be noted that the products being offered varies in each region (O2 Plc 2006). The major products of O2 are mobile telecommunication equipments which are either paid through installment plans or pre-paid. With its thrust to provide the market with higher quality products, the company offers complementary services like third generation telephony (3G), O2 Active, I Mode, and O2 Online. O2 also ensures the satisfaction of customers by offering product features like entertainment through its sponsorship of the England Rugby Team and Arsenal FC and partnership with Anschutz Entertainment Group (O2 Plc 2006). As stated above, O2 Plc operates in different geographic locations, battling head-on with various competitors. Table 1 shows the geographical locations of firm’s business activities alongside with its competitors in each region. It can

The Credit Crunch of 2007-2008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Credit Crunch of 2007-2008 - Essay Example As shown in the diagram underneath, this led to rising housing prices since decades. In 2000, the rate of increase of house prices was rising at unsustainable levels, much faster than they had in the last decade. Sub-prime mortgages (mortgages to high risk customers) began to rise due to availability of cheap credit (Mizen). The low interest rate environment stimulated upsurges in mortgage backed financing and hence considerable increases in house prices. It encouraged investors (financial institutions, such as pension funds, hedge funds, investment banks) to design instruments that offer yield enhancement such as subprime mortgages. The bullish attitude of Wall Street led to creation of complex structured products such as collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and a lot of repackaging of high-risk mortgage backed securities. The credit and house price bubble led to a real-estate boom and eventually to a surplus of unsold homes, which triggered U.S. housing prices to peak and before declining and bursting in mid-2006. Subprime borrowers began to default on their loans as real estate prices decreased further. The default on a significant ratio of subprime toxic assets produced cascade effects in financial markets via the securitized mortgage derivatives into which these mortgages were bundled, to the balance sheets of investment banks and hedge funds. The vagueness about the value of the securities collateralized by these mortgages spread chaos and concern over the soundness of loans for leveraged buyouts. That led to the freezing of the interbank lending market in August 2007, collapse of key financial institutions such as Lehman Brothers and triggered the credit crunch crisis. 2. Economists classify macro-economic indicators as leading, lagging, or coincident. Define each classification and give two examples of each, relating them to the recession that began in 2007 and the recovery that is now under way. ? Economic indicators are periodical statements by the government and private institutions that describe the health of a country's economy. Economist classify these indicators into lea ding, lagging or coincident kind that are described below in detail: Leading Indicators: Leading indicators are economic indicators that predict future events. They are foreign exchange indicators that change beforehand the change in the market or economy has occurred. Examples of leading indicators may include bong yields, inventory variations, stock prices and insurance claims. Economic establishments and central banks study leading indicators in expectation to fluctuations in expected interest rates. A forex-leading indicator is a pointer that advises the trader to buy or sell before a new trend in the market commences. Leading indicators, however, are difficult to recognize and could lead to misleading results or interpretations if not analyzed by an experience trader. Two examples leading indicators for the financial crisis of 2007 are stock prices (500 common stocks) that reduced by 8% in 2007 (The Conference Board) and Building permits that reduced by 16% leading to a 40% dec line in US Home Construction Index. Lagging Indicators: Lagging indicators are indicators that follow an economic event. These indicators usually exist three to twelve months after the economy. Lagging economic indicators are the confirmation to outline the peaks and troughs that

The topic can be proposed by the writer Assignment - 16

The topic can be proposed by the writer - Assignment Example As such, the business must always create appropriate share transfer restrictions (Mallor, 2013). By-laws are among the most appropriate forms of share transfer restrictions. The by-laws show and protect the interest of the company by postulating how the shareholders should trade their shares. At Stufft Farms, Inc. the laws state that shareholders must first offer his or her shares to the firm and shareholders. The principle of separation grants the corporation the freedom and ability to buy its shares since corporations are legal entities. When the other four offered their shares, the by-laws gave David Stufft the exclusive right to purchase the shares at the book value. David Stufft is a shareholder and, therefore, has the right to buy the shares at book value before any shareholder of the company offers to sell the shares to any third party. His interest to purchase the shares grants him exclusive right to purchase them and to do so at book

House-Keeping Management in Hotels Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

House-Keeping Management in Hotels - Assignment Example It is crucial to highlight that customers, especially, look for an environment that provides a fantasy feeling, which the average home environment may not promise (Penner, Adams,& Rutes 2013, p. 112). In planning and managing a four-star beachfront hotel, several issues should be considered. To begin with, it is crucial to assess the level of customer traffic in the area around a beach. In this sense, the hotel gauges the number of customers that it attracts on a daily basis. This allows for the hotel to plan its resources and investment according to the expected number of customers. The planners should also consider the impact and size of attractions surrounding a beachfront hotel (Chon & Maier 2010, p. 98). This is because customers are not merely drawn to the outlook and quality of services in a hotel, but they also value the marginal feeling of enjoying other forms of fun that a surrounding offers (Rogers 2013, p. 143). For instance, customers may be attracted to a nearby forest that allows for bird watching. Management of rural hotel situated within a national park demands given operational and management needs. To begin with, the management should link the services of the hotel with the elements of the park (Rao, & Krishna 2005, p. 164). This occurs since the number of revenues of such a hotel may majorly depend on the aggregate utility derived from visiting the park. For instance, the management could design the hotel in such a sense that the accommodation rooms allow for comfortable and picturesque sightseeing. In addition, the hotel must participate in day-to-day management of the national park such that they retain the level of utility derived from the park. There are notable sales techniques that can be employed in improving sales. For instance, marketing is an essential tool for enhancing sales (Piotrowski, & Rogers 2007, p. 76).  

The street act 1 Essay Example for Free

The street act 1 Essay The main character in The Street, Ann Petry shows that even in the hardest of times, one should continue to push forward, even if the â€Å"wind [pushes]† them away. The wind is trying to prevent those outside, especially Lutie, from accomplishing their mission/goals. The wind blocks Lutie’s path, almost as if it were the difficult situation she is going through. The wind forced the Lutie to shiver as â€Å"its cold fingers†¦touched the back of her neck, explored the sides of her head†. Petry also shows that the wind is doing every possible thing to discourage the people walking on the street, by finding â€Å"chicken bones and pork-chop bones†, and â€Å"every scrap of paper along the street†. The â€Å"violent assault† of the wind forced not only Lutie, but also every other pedestrian on the street back to their homes as it grew â€Å"difficult to breathe†. also indicating that the wind is a hardship that one must face outside of their cozy, warm home. Looking at lutes’ situation/ troubles, the win seems almost like it has something’s against them and all the pedestrians as if the city was cursed up on. Most of the details are primarily aimed towards the win and what it is doing to the scenario, such as when it â€Å"sucked [the] window shades out through the top† of opened windows, and â€Å"stuck its fingers† inside of people’s coat collars. In other words, the wind is deliberately interfering with its surroundings, creating a stressful situation where one would need a sanctuary to avoid the sinister gusts. The â€Å"flapping† of the shades, â€Å"every scrap of paper† being thrown against the people on the streets, and â€Å"dirt and dust† being lifted into the air â€Å"making it difficult to breathe†, creating a chaotic atmosphere. In The Street, Petry creates the idea that in hard, stressful times, one needs a sanctuary to avoid â€Å"the wind† of life’s powerful gusts. Through three crucial, subtle components, personification, imagery, and selection of detail, the purpose of the story was perfectly conveyed. Petry intended for the wind to have a mind, as it was forcing people back to their sanctuaries.

Evil being Dr Jekylls alter ego Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

Evil being Dr Jekylls alter ego Mr Hyde Essay In each of us, two natures are at war- the good and the evil. All our lives the fight goes on between them one must conquer. But in our own hands lies the power to choose- What we want most to be we are (Robert Louis Stevenson. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 1885) Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Born in 1850 into a middle class family in Edinburgh, Robert Louis Stevensons Father expected his son to follow in the family tradition and become an engineer. Stevenson, however had other ideas. He was fascinated by literature, but to please his family he studied law, yet he never practised as a lawyer fulfilling his ambition to become a writer. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was a product of Robert Louis Stevenson life. Stevensons childhood was blighted by illness and as a result he spent much of his time at home under the care of his much loved nurse Alison Cunningham who told him stories of ghosts, body snatchers and heaven and hell. Stevenson as a result became fascinated by the idea of good and evil in every person. Stevensons ill health continued for most of his life and as a result he took laudanum and morphine as well as cocaine for chest problems and depression, other factors which may well have affected his life style and his writing. The Stevensons family home was in Edinburgh, but as he grew he travelled more and further, London, Bournemouth, France and the continent. Stevensons choice of London as the setting for Jekyll and Hyde was the result of the extreme social divide he witnessed there, the wealth and poverty been vividly displayed. The wealthy affluent London being safe like the character of Dr Jekyll whilst areas of social deprivation were constantly under treat of crime evil and disease, evil being Dr Jekylls alter ego Mr Hyde This essay will discuss how the Victorians viewed their rapidly expanding cities. It will also explore how Stephenson uses contrasting scenes and weather descriptions to portray good and evil. As a result of the industrial revolution Victorian Britain saw a massive movement of people from the countryside to major cities. Hugh numbers of houses were built to accommodate these people, but towns quickly became over crowded and unhealthy places. Filthy conditions and the spread of disease was rive amongst the poor and working classes. There was high unemployment and no suffrage for the poor, as a result the middle classes felt a revolution was imminent and felt fearful. Robert Louis Stevenson illustrates a divided city in Mr Utterson and Mr Enfields Sunday walk through the streets of London. They travel through a small quite street, it is described using metaphors like a fire in the forest indicating this street is well kept, a sharp contrast to others in the area, the shutters are described as freshly painted, the brasses well-polished and generally clean. This indicates that the inhabitants here are doing well. And yet at the corner of the same street stands a two story building. The building has only a door on the lower storey, the lack of windows indicating this building has something to hide. It is described as baring the features and marks of prolonged neglect. Stevenson uses the words sinister and sordid to describe this building. The fact that a building of such neglect stands on the same street as the affluent properties gives the reader the sense that everything is not going to be as it first appears in this novel. Stevenson uses this description of a affluence street with the uncharacteristic building an unlikely feature of this street, to prepare the reader for the dual character of Dr Jeklyl on the surface a good respectable person, who is able to turn into a alter ego the evil cruel Mr Hyde. Weather descriptions are used by Stevenson in The Carew Murder Case to depict the depraved nature of Mr Hydes character. The maid in the opening paragraph witnesses the murder of Carew. Stevenson uses graphic detail in his description of the weather on this night to create the atmosphere and set the scene. The association between lightness and goodness is clear; the night is described as been cloudless and lit by a full moon. The moon light on Carews face allows the maid to see his face, which she describes as pleasing to watch, a face breathing innocence and old world kindness. His beauty and innocence giving the impression of goodness. This description of Carew makes his fate all the more shocking and sets the scene for the dramatic moment when the maid witnesses the violent murder of Carew by Mr Hyde. Hyde is described by the maid as the complete opposite to Carew, a man she had previously conceived to dislike having an animalistic appearance. Stevenson continues to use weather descriptions to create a sense of foreboding as Mr Utterson travels through the streets of London to the home of Mr Hyde. Though it is nine in the morning the weather is described as foggy like a great chocolate coloured pall lowered over heaven and dark like the back end of morning, the use of fog and darkness implies a veil to hide and conceal evil. He continues saying that the fog is broken up yet for a moment giving a haggard shaft of day light this being only a brief relieve from the mournful reinvasion of darkness, reinforcing the idea of evil doings and the sorrow associated with this. By using weather descriptions in this way the city of London clearly becomes a dramatic backdrop for Hydes crimes. Victorian society was stricictly religious and therefore encouraged people to hide their sins and repress their desires. In this novel Stevenson offered Victorian society not only a psychological horror but a recognision that there is evil inside all of us, not perhaps to the extremes of Jekyll and Hyde but there is a side we hide, a suggestion that we all have a dual personality! Stevenson uses symbolism to create powerful images, for example doors are tradionally powerful and mysterious symbols they represent public and private spheres, things hidden and reveales. Stevenson refers to doors five times in the opening chapter of this novel. What is also relevant is that the Victorians had a front door /back door rule: the front door represented repectability so only those considered important and of high social status entered though the front door. The back door was used for those considered socially inferior, like servants. Stevenson uses this rule to emphasise Hydess social inferiority as he is not admitted through the front door of Jekylls home. What is significant here is that although the reader knows Jekyll and Hydeare one and the same, when Jekyll becomes the depraved Hyde he is evil and socially inferior, a lesson in immorility?

Analysing Product Development Within Dell Computers

Analysing Product Development Within Dell Computers The Product Development at the Dell Computer Corporation case can be summarized with just its name, product development. The case focuses on development of Dells personal computers, highlighting the area of the laptops. The personal computer industry can be dated back to the 1830s and Charles Babbage with his invention of the first digital computer. However with limitations of materials and marketing his vision mainly stayed on what is called the drawing board. It was not until the time period of World War II when a factory size computer was created by army engineers, they were named Mark I and Colossus and they were 50 feet in size. Through the 1960s and the 1970s only the government, mainly for defense, and big business had the opportunity to use computers. As technology increased and microchips replaced the wires and transistors, and financial availability became friendlier for consumers the microcomputer revolution began. In the 1970s and 1980s Apple Computer was a successful leader in a commercialized interface that was easy to use. Apple set the technological pace for cramming as much new technology in to their products as possible. IBM who was always trying to play catch up with Apple kicked off its traditional corporate based computer line, with strong direct sales and service. Dell also released its own branded personal computer in 1981. During the 1980s personal computer sales grew from nothing to $40 billion dollars. It was in 1983 when Dell Computer was started by Michael Dell, who at this point in time was a freshman at the University of Texas. He would upgrade IBM compatible computers and go door to door selling them. The success was overwhelming for Dell, and he moved off campus and dropped out of school, with the initial idea of returning back to school if there was failure with the business. However, with $180,000 in sales during his first month the idea of going back to school never entered his mind. The next step for Dell was to buy and assemble his own brand name personal computers and get them directly to the customers. This is where Dells principle to eliminate the middle man began. With this premise in mind, high growth rates and attractive margins the building of the Dell name began. Soon, Dell would start a 24 hour complaint hotline and they would offer a supply of backup replacement equipment. By 1990, Dell computers had a distinctive line of its own personal computers which won se veral trade magazine awards for service and products. By 1990 microcomputers accounted for 40% of all computers sold. And there was major competition the brands helping to drive down the costs of manufacturing as well the cost for the consumers. With the development and success of Dell and their direct to consumer sales as well as their laid back sales manner, imitators such as Gateway 2000 and CompuAdd began business. While focusing on the competition Dell expanded in to the retail market attempting to gain more revenue. However, this was unsuccessful since Dell overshot the target budget of sales, finding them in a cash crunch. It was then decided on that that needed to do something different. They needed to stand out again The Dell Business Model The Dell business model is a simple one. Eliminate the middle man. Dell sold its computers directly to customers with no retailers in the middle. Customers are able to order a customized computer that fits their needs. Customers like universities, large corporations, and government agencies all have different needs when it comes to computers. Dell also kept this strategy with its small customers. People can order a computer based on battery life, software applications, size, gaming, business orientated, and many other customizations. A great advantage with this business model is that Dell can maintain a low inventory cost which saves the company lots of money. How it works Dell achieves this business model by having a small lead time from when the computer order comes in to when it actually gets to the customer. This is very important to Dells success because the negative to directly selling to the customer is that the customer cannot just walk into a Dell store or retailer and just buy the computer. Dell has a general lead time of 3-5 days. This is the time is takes to build the computer and ship it. This doesnt include the couple of days for the shipping. The lead time can vary depending on the type of customization. Sometimes it could be longer or shorter based on inventory and the depth of customization. This is a major advantage for Dell to be able to ship computer within days. Dell must plan, build, and test vigorously all within the 3-5 days. This also allows Dell to maintain minimal inventory of hand. Unlike other computer companies, Dell does not have to have ready-made computers on hand. If Dell experiences a slow month in sales then it doesn t cost them as much as its competitors because Dell is paying less for inventory overhead. This great success is a product of the new structured operations that Dell has implemented starting with the product development process. Another advantage of Dells business model is the 24-hour customer support system that it offers. Dell offers this option so that customers can call at anytime to fix a problem with one of Dells computers. Not only is the feature convenient for the customer, but it is also very effective. In the Harvard case, it states that the customer support team was able to solve problems themselves 91% of the time. That is an amazing statistic that reflects Dells training program and due diligence on building and retaining customer relationships. Argument: Is Dells business model effective? Yes, Dells business model is a good one and is very effective. This has always been Dells business model and has brought it so much success. Only for a brief period in the 90s did Dell try and tweak the business model by getting into retail. This only proved to Dell that its original business plan was the best because Dell suffered some losses and sales decreased during this time. Also Gateway, a competitor, had adopted Dells direct sales strategy which gave them great success. Dells original business plan is the best plan for many reasons. The direct sales approach lets them build and retain customer relationships because there is no middle man in between Dell and the customer. The 24-hour customer support program lets customers give direct feedback to Dell and makes the customer feel appreciated when Dell is helping them, not an IT representative from a retailer. Another competitive advantage this business plan gives Dell is the inventory control. Dell is known for turning over inv entory better than any other computer manufacturer in the industry. This plan allows Dell to achieve such great inventory control. When Dell went into the retail side it could not keep up with turning over inventory as fast as it used to when it was selling directly to customers. In conclusion, Dells original business plan is very good and extremely effective. It is proven in the Harvard case when Dell moved away from its plan. Industry Technological Developments In the computer industry there were some key technological evolutions that led to a great competition between the industrys firms. During the 1970s the industry saw some great technological advancements. These findings were crucial to the computer firms today because they made it easier for the companies to make, sell, and meet the needs of its customers. The major developments were improved microprocessors, standard operating systems, increased availability of software, and cheaper memory. These developments made the computer industry an attractive market for many. Another development that came later was the battery technology. Batteries for laptop computers advanced which led to even more competition. Since the competition is so great, companies need to find other ways to compete other than resources. For the most part the computer firms used the same technology so one of the ways the firms could get a competitive edge is through its product development process. Dell was a firm that realized the highly competitive nature of the computer industry during the 1990s. In 1993 Dell found itself losing money and in the shakeout period of the computer industry. This is the period of time when competition is at its highest and only the strong firms survive. The weaker firms will be shaken out of the market and will dissolve. Dell was one of the few firms that realized that it needed to do something different to compete and survive. Dell decided that it needed to look at its product development process. Dell Product Development Process Original Product Development Strategy Dells original product development process was very informal. The process was very amateur and lacked structure. First, the process involved self governed teams that had no accountability or management. The teams were made up of engineers and developers that had all the same ideas or similar strategies. Second, risks were not being assessed properly in these teams. Since the teams all had similar viewpoints the members were collectively overlooking risks. The biggest problem with this process was that projects were being passed onto the next stage of development when it should not have been. This leads to fail projects which in return cost Dell lots of money and time which could mean the difference in such a competitive market. The margin of error for Dell was slim to none during this time. When Dell had a major project fail which cost it several millions of dollars, it went to management, engineers, and developers to see what their opinion was on trying a new process. The management wanted a new process that had more structure. The engineers and developers wanted to keep the old process mainly because they thought that structure would stifle their creativity. After a long debate Dell decided to change its product development process. Dell decided that its old process was similar to a start-up companys process and not an experienced company, like itself. New Product Development Strategy The new product development strategy was much more formal. The teams now were called core teams which were made up of a mix of engineers and managers who had different views and techniques. Dell wanted diversity in its groups to encourage conversation and debate. Each group was also held responsible for a project from start to finish and the team was governed by an outside manager. This made the teams accountable for all their decisions and moves. The new process had six phases in which each phase would last around 3 months. The total time for a project was approximately 18 months. Profile Phase- Teams would write a guide on the new product and its market that it would be sold in Planning Phase- Teams create a detailed business case for the product which must be viewed by a senior manager before it is passed onto the next phase Implementation Phase- Teams must design and test prototypes of the product and orders must be made to the suppliers Qualification Phase- Teams build production prototypes and key customers give feedback Launch Phase- The customer experience is tested, from opening the product to setting up and using the product. Early adopters have their orders filled Acceptance Phase- Teams collect feedback and reports are compared to actual results. Argument: Which process is better? The new product development process is much better than the old process. This is easy to see because of the results. Dell has survived the shakeout period and has become one of the industry leaders. The new product development process allowed Dell to create better products because of the versatility of the core teams and also cut down on failures because of the structure of the new process. Fewer errors were a result of each team being held accountable for errors and have a senior manager evaluate the product before advancing to the next stage. Which Battery? In 1991, Dell came out with its first line of the portable computer. And in 1992 Dells portable computers accounted for 17% of sales. However, with the backlash of rumors about unreliable screens, frequent power failures, being slower than most other portable computers and broken hinges Dell could not compete even with their low prices. Early 1993 brought about the cancelling of Dells new line of laptops. Under the guise that they were too slow and not ready for sales. After recalling 17,000 notebooks, Mark Holliday, the portable division head of Dell, calls a meeting with all of the company officers and forces a decision for a battery to be made. During this meeting it is decided that there are three different battery decisions that Dell can go with. At the meeting it was decided that the battery decision must be made at the end of Phase 1 (the profile phase) of development and the three different choices are NiHi Nickel Metal Hydride, LiOn Lithium Ion, and the last choice was to not make a choice really, it was to defer a choice. The first choice for batteries was the NiHi otherwise known as the Nickel Metal Hydride. The chart below shows what some of the disadvantages and advantages to the NiHi battery. Overall this battery would not have been a great choice for Dell, because it did not solve the problem of lasting more than 3 hours like the consumers wanted and it could not recharge to its full potential. The second choice was the LiOn also known as the Lithium Ion Battery this is was the battery that Dell ended up choosing and still uses today. The third and final choice that dell had was to defer the choice of batteries, this would give Sony time to develop the battery and get a good production line going. This would also allow for Dell to be prepared for either battery design. Types of Battery Advantages Disadvantages NiHi Nickel Metal Hydride Takes up less space then the LiOn Provide limited product differentiation in an increasingly competitive market Allows for more accessories Such as communication control and memory management Short battery life, normally less than 3 hours. Would involve no delays in Production demand Can only recharge a fraction of full capacity A less risky choice If not disposed of properly they could release heavy metal toxins in to the environment. Type of Battery Advantages Disadvantages LiOn Lithium Ion Longer rechargeable lives Unproven and more expensive technology MORE RISKY CHOICE Can recharge to full potential Takes up more space than conventional batteries Laptop customers insisted on longer battery lives No production demand studies completed Cold possibly boost sales Production committed to Sony for at least a year Type of Battery Defer Choice Advantages Disadvantages Dell could have 2 options for battery space Having the bigger battery (LiOn) would be less attractive to the customer Give Sony the time to test the LiOn battery Variable costs in both battery designs would be too high Dell could continue with product development of the laptop in general Cold possibly over design the battery space Could give highest return, if LiOn was chosen and fails there is the NiHi to use Battery charging circuitry would have to be designed for both batteries. Strategy and Finances One of the major decisions for Dell was to choose the right battery power for its new Laptop which was targeting the laptop market. A strategy is a set of actions that coordinate the resources and commitments of a business to boost its performance. Strategy selections should be guided by the firms situation rather than by historical choices. Choosing a strategy that makes sense for a particular business is a decision which may lead to superior performance. There are a few choices that steer corporate strategies. Cost- Based Strategy requires a firm to be the lowest cost producer in the market. This can be lowest cost labor to efficiency in operations. Spirit airline is an example of this strategy. They are billed as the ultra-low-cost carrier. Spirit operates 28 Airbus planes and serves Eastern and Midwestern cities in the Unites states. (Longenecker, et al. 2009) The second type of business strategy is Differentiation-Based. This model emphasizes the uniqueness of a firms product or service. This model places emphasis for the consumer to be convinced of the uniqueness and value of the product or service, whether real or perceived. (Schermerhorn, 2010). Dell looked to achieve this type of strategy. Dell focused on the need to connect with their customer, remove the middleman and speak directly to their customers. Dell start their innovation process with asking their customers, What would you really want this thing to do? Is there a different way to accomplish that? Then they meet with their suppliers and ask, Can we do this in a different way? Then they try to come up with a totally different approach that exceeds the original objectives. http://www.forbes.com/2009/09/02/dell-amex-marriot-cmo-network-adtrend.html The focus strategy selection of the battery power would impact the company in hopes of gaining market share through satisfied customers. Michael Dell and his team needed to relate to their environment, particularly to the customers and competitors. Choice of battery technology was of vital importance to Dell. Many factors were evaluated; 1. Competition abounded due to imitation of Dells direct model 2. Dell felt a cash crunch due to their rapid expansion 3. Lack of senior management capable of guiding the firm 4. Lack of structure in Dells product development process, growing importance of the portable computer market 5. Lack of senior management capable of guiding the firm toward maturity 6. Lack of structure in Dells product development process Growing importance of portable computer industry 7. High rate of battery life in minds of consumers 8. Limited life of the NiHi battery 9. Uncertainty of the emerging LiOn battery technology Dell was dependent upon the future success of the new Laptitude laptop product to revive its share in the portable computer market. Dell was hoping to distinguish itself with the introduction of the fresh LiOn battery technology. Unfortunately, the LiOn technology was immature and risky but, Dell needed to make a decision of whether to adopt this technology in the new product line or remain with current technology. Ultimately, Dell needed a winner and needed to make the critical and right decision to ensure an emergence back into the already competitive market along with a need for a significant financial infusion. Tenacious is a good word to describe Michael Dell and the company he created. And tenacity and efficiency will be enough to keep Dell in the game. But to rise to the next level and really boost its growth, it may have to find a little more heart. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/09/18/8386121/index.htm Dells new product development process was put to the test immediately as the decision was being made on how to develop a new laptop PC. Market research identified battery life as the third most important feature to customers when purchasing a laptop. One way the company distinguishes itself from other suppliers of perform-alike PCs is by acting quickly on the masses of data it gathers from customers. Information is a valuable competitive weapon, says Tom Thomas, chief information systems officer. Our whole business system is geared to collect it. (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1993/09/27/78384/index.htm). Due to a chance meeting between Michael Dell and Sony executives, Dell had the opportunity to have exclusive access to the new Lithium Ion (LiOn) battery technology which greatly extended battery life, and offered superior overall performance to the standard Nickel Hydride (NiHi) technology. The new technology would add value to Dell laptops as they sought t o recapture market share. The technology was not fully developed however, and there was a risk that it would not work. Dell thus faced a critical decision about how to allocate resources for the development of the laptop. Four options were identified by the product development team: Option 1- commit to the old technology (NiHi) Option 2 commit to the new technology (LiOn) Option 3a over-design the computer so that it could accommodate either type of battery, thus deferring the battery commitment until later Option 3b dual design (in parallel) of laptops that would use either NiHi or LiOn technology Option 1: Continue with a proven battery technology (NiHi) According to estimates made by project manager and product marketer, Henry McCarty, Dells market share will be 2.5% if Dell stays with the status quo battery configuration of NiHi. This equates to 825,000 units sold over the estimated 3 year product life. Given an average gross margin per unit over life of product of $600 and expected $10 million expected cost of development effort, the expected profit margin is $485 million. There is 100% confidence that the NiHi battery product will work. Option 2: Go with the new battery technology (LiOn) The new Development Team, McCarty predicts Dells market share to jump to 3.0% or 990,000 units over 3 years, if LiOn technology works. If the LiOn technology fails, Dells market share will fall to about 1.25% or 413,000 units over 3 years. This drop in market share would be attributed to competitors already having an established product on the market, while Dell undergoes substantial rework, 70% of original schedule, and 30% of cost to switch back to NiHi. There is only a 60% confidence that the LiOn battery product wont fail. Given an average gross margin per unit over life of product of $600 and expected $10 million expected cost of development, the expected profit margin is $444 million under option 2. Option 3a: Dual Development Defer commitment until qualification phase review Dual Development option has an estimated $10 million expected cost of development and an additional fixed cost of $2.5 million because Dell would have to develop two technologies at the same time. These are the actual project costs incurred which incorporates the additional designers and engineers, material and tooling costs, etc. These costs do not include the product opportunities Dell would forego if they had to pull people away from other projects. Given the new fixed costs and calculating a weighted average of expected profit margins based on the success rate of the technology, option 3a has an estimated profit margin of $542 million, the highest of the three options. Option 3b: Over-design Defer commitment until qualification phase review Similarly with the dual development we need to calculate the cost of the over-design strategy. The expected cost will be $10 million for development and additional variable cost of 0.5% of revenue (2.0% of margin) since Dell would have to develop two technologies in the same time. Due to the LiOn batterys different dimensions and properties, Dell would have to over-design the computer case, charging circuitry, and battery management software to accommodate either battery technology. Given the new variable costs and calculating a weighted average of expected profit margins based on the success rate of the technology, option 3b has an estimated profit margin of $533 million. This is the second highest of all options. One study of Dell looked at the Sensitivity Analysis of estimated profit margin if the confidence probability of LiOn technology changes. Based on the assumption McCarty provided, it shows clearly that Option 3a is the best option as long the Confidence of LiOn Technology is between 10%~90%. It is also obvious that if Dell knows 100% that LiOn will be successful Dell should choose Option 2. If the chance of success will be 0%, Dell should choose Option 1. http://www.mbanerds.com/index.php?title=Product_Development_at_Dell_Computer_Corp.

Exley Chemical Case Analysis Essay -- Business Analysis

Exley Chemical Case Analysis Introduction The purpose of this analysis is to offer insight into difficulties experienced by Exley Chemical Company. Case analysis will provide an objective view of the identified problems (both macro and micro), the causes, affected systems, alternatives and recommendations. In a collaborative effort, this report reflects multiple observations and opinions regarding the case analysis. Analysis I. Problems A. Macro • Lack of coordination within the companies operations • Decrease in sales and profits. • Operational conflicts within the major departments • This type of structure is inappropriate for this company • There is no uniformity of command B. Micro • The coordination between marketing and the new product development department was insufficient. • The Product development had problems with marketing. • The Product manager quarrels with the marketing department • Product manager was unsuccessful in coordinating the activities. • The company was having difficulties in producing a team concept within the departments. II. Causes: • Implementation of separate division to handle product development has disrupted the previous cohesive interaction between prior existing divisions. New product development division has taken on a life of its own, opting to market its new developments instead of passing the new products to the other divisions to handle their usual responsibilities. • In spite of its independence of other teams with regard to product development and marketing, the new division still need... ...the training and developments (Brown & Harvey, 2006). In this situation, every manager needs to have dialogue with the marketing department. This action, alone, will set into motion changes that would be expected to aid the sales and revenue of their respective products (Blanchard & Thacker, 2004). References Brown, D. & Harvey, D. (2006). An experiential approach to organization development. (seventh edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. McNamara, C. (1999). Business planning. Retrieved on 26 October 2006 from www.NonProfitOffice.com Dagmar & Oliver Recklies. (2006). Themanager.org. Retrieved on 26 October 2006, from http://www.themanager.org/Strategy/Change_Phases.htm Blanchard, P.N. & Thacker, J.W. (2004). Effective training: systems strategies and practices. (2nd Edition). Upper Saddle River NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Radar: A Silent Eye In The Sky :: essays research papers fc

Radar: A Silent Eye in the Sky   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today's society relies heavily on an invention taken for granted: radar. Just about everybody uses radar, whether they realize it or not. Tens of thousands of lives rely on the precision and speed of radar to guide their plane through the skies unscathed. Others just use it when they turn on the morning news to check the weather forecast.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While radar seems to be an important part of our everyday lives, it has not been around for long. It was not put into effect until 1935, near World War II. The British and the Americans both worked on radar, but they did not work together to build a single system. They each developed their own systems at the same time. In 1935, the first radar systems are installed in Great Britain, called the Early Warning Detection system. In 1940, Great Britain and the United States install radar aboard fighter planes, giving them an advantage in plane-to-plane combat as well as air-to-ground attacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Radar works on a relatively simple theory. It's one that everybody has experienced in their lifetime. Radar works much like an echo. In an echo, a sound is sent out in all directions. When the sound waves find an object, such as a cliff face, they will bounce back to the source of the echo. If you count the number of seconds from when the sound was made to when the sound was heard, you can figure out the distance the sound had to travel. The formula is:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (S/2) X 1100 = D (Half of the total time times 1100 feet per second equals the distance from the origin to the reflection point)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of course, radar is a much more complicated system than just somebody shouting and listening for the echo. In fact, modern radar listens not only for an echo, but where the echo comes from, what direction the object is moving, its speed, and its distance. There are two types of modern radar: continuous wave radar, and pulse radar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pulse radar works like an echo. The transmitter sends out short bursts of radio waves. It then shuts off, and the receiver listens for the echoes. Echoes from pulse radar can tell the distance and direction of the object creating the echo. This is the most common form of radar, and it is the one that is used the most in airports around the world today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Continuous wave radar works on a different theory, the Doppler Theory. The Doppler Theory works on the principle that when a radio wave of a set

Non-Traditional Sports: Social Barriers :: Bodybuilding Synchronized Swimming Essays

Non-Traditional Sports: Social Barriers Gender barriers have always existed in the field of sports. I will be focusing specifically on women in the field of bodybuilding and men who enter synchronized swimming in order to illustrate the social and cultural costs and benefits of these individuals entering their given sports. Breaking Barriers: The gym is the world of gods and heroes, goddesses larger than life, a place of incantations where our bodies inflate and we shuffle off our out-of-gym bodies like discarded skins and walk about transformed. . . . Here, in this space, we begin to grow, to change. The transformation has begun, and our flawed humanity is falling off fast. We are picking up our shoulders, elevating our chins, shaking ugliness from our shoulders with a series of strokes, the glistening dumbbells, listening to our blood's rush. Our pasty misshapen bodies are developing clean lines. Our day's tribute of trials and heartaches is fading, for here, in this gym space, we become kings and queens. Larger, invincible, gods in ourselves. (Introduction, Bodymakers: A Cultural Anatomy of Women's Body Building) Women in bodybuilding is a recent phenomenon. It is an example of the cultural transformation and revolution that has been in the process for many years now. Leslie Heywood, the author of the quote above, is an assistant professor of English at the State University of New York, Binghamton. As stated by a critic of her recent book, Bodymakers, "Heywood looks at the sport and image of female body building as a metaphor for how women fare in our current political and cultural climate. Drawing on contemporary feminist and cultural theory as well as her own involvement in the sport, she argues that the movement in women's bodybuilding from small, delicate bodies to large powerful ones and back again is directly connected to progress and backlash within the abortion debate, the ongoing struggle for race and gender equality, and the struggle to define "feminism" in the context of the nineties. She discusses female bodybuilding as activism, as an often effective response to abuse, race and m asculinity in body building, and the contradictory ways that photographers treat female bodybuilders." It is evident from this brief yet descriptive narration of her book that Heywood believes both cultural costs and benefits of women in the sport of bodybuilding exist, as well as in any other field in which women push the restraints of social acceptance.

Three Significant Reasons Why I Love Outdoor Activity

Donghyun Lee (20110108) Prof. Lisa Lee English 2 (Sec. 60) October 4. 2012 Three Significant Reasons Why I Love Outdoor Activity There are many kinds of outdoor activities. Outdoor activity gives many mental or physical advantages to people. Therefore, many people love outdoor activity for various reasons regardless of its characteristic. For example, some like outdoor activity because of his or her own satisfaction. In addition, others do outdoor activity because it helps them to improve their health.However, the reason why I love field activity is on account of three important changes in my body : being refreshed, being short of breath, being thirsty. The first change which field activity creates is being refreshed. When I have trouble in studying or working, I have a splitting headache. It feels like being struck on the head by a hammer. At that time, I go outside and do simple outdoor activities like walking or skipping. Then, I feel the fresh air flowing through my veins ,and I am recharged.For example, when I was a high school student, I usually did a simple ball game when I was tired of studying. Therefore, being revived is the first change of my body which makes me do open-air activity. The second part of variety that field activity makes for me is being short of breath. There is no doubt that being short of breath is a very tiring feeling to anyone. I feel that exhausting feeling as well. However, though it is painful, I feel alive when I am scant of breath.For instance, when I do exercise which needs sustaining power like a marathon, I become so excited and aggressive since I think I am exceeding the limit of my physical strength. Thus, being scant of breath is another motivating power that makes me enjoy an outdoor activity. Finally, the last significant body change that motivates me to do open-air activity is being thirsty. The reason why being thirsty can be the cause of doing field activity is because drinking water after outdoor activity gives me happiness which cannot be described.For example, I become the happiest person in the world and feel as if I can fly while drinking water after doing a field activity. A cup of water after feeling raging thirst cannot be exchanged with any other delicious foods. As a result, thirst can be the body change which let me do outdoor activity. I become invigorated, short of breath, and thirsty by outdoor activity regardless of its feature. These body changes are the motivating power of making me do outdoor activity since the changes end up giving a positive feeling to me. What are the factors which make you do outdoor activity?

Understand How to Safeguard the Well Being of Children and Young People

Question 1 Why is it authorised to safeguard electric shaverren and adolescent mickle? Without providing the service of safeguarding for baberen and immature people who are not graveled fair to middling to do it for themselves, their future could be negatively affected. If they were to be affected by an consequence such as abuse, and there is no safeguarding in place, this could carry on and sternly affect their physical and emotional development. This could have in mind they fall behind with developmental milestones.Children contend to be provided with a safe and blissful environment to grow up in so they are happy to develop at a normal straddle and sequence. This will help them achieve their exuberant potential, through into adulthood. Question 2 pardon why a person-centred approach is important in safeguarding the well-being of minorren or young people. It is important to centre the safeguarding approach somewhat the child or young person, as their wishes and co ncerns need to be taken into accountancy to achieve the best possible yield for them.It is important to have a undecomposed relationship with the child so the child will feel comfortable disclosing learning and conveying their feelings and points of views. Having this will mean the musical arrangement erect respond in the most(prenominal) accurate and appropriate way. The child can then be involved in any future decisions. The organisation and carers should be there to support and explain everything to the child to try to comfort them so the business office is not so daunting and the child can explain clearly what they take for their future.

Social Class and Inequality

Rates of mobility arent likely to grow.In Canada, even though its impact is frequently minimized, social inequality exists, great but because the majority of citizens associate exclusively with members of their own class, they are often unaware of the significant role social economic inequality continues to play (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). An inadequate distribution of wealth remains â€Å"an important component† of Canada’s social inequities (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Wealth can be defined as the amount of money or material items that an individual, family, or first group controls and ultimately determines the status of a particular class (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). Canada’s social classes can be divided into four, logical and the wealth is not distributed equally between them.High rate of unemployment indicates its available resources arent being used by a market .Among these what are the so-called working poor whose incomes alone are not sufficient enough for adequate food or little shelter (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). Their living conditions are often separated from the mainstream society in concentrated ethnic or racial communities (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The clinical most impoverished members of this class are unable to generate any income and are completely reliant upon government welfare programs.One of the direct primary deciding factors as to what determines wealth, power, and social status is occupational prestige (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).

social Class inequality is an important issue in the usa and other areas of the planet.Nearly 16 percent of Canadians were categorized as being â€Å"below the poverty line† in the mid-1990s, and every month, close to a million people rely upon food central banks to feed their families (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The income a particular class earns is determined in large part to the amount of education received, and yet in order to receive a higher education money is required.There is also a strong correlation between net income and healthcare. The higher the income, the greater the number of quality medical services there are available (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Social inequality what goes together with social stratification.Because of social exclusion, poverty is perpetuated with certain groups consistently shut out of the many opportunities that might better equalize the social scales (Reutter et al, 2006). Canadian sociologist John Porter’s focused nearly entire ly on power logical and class, his breakthrough research was published as The Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of personal Social Class and Power in Canada in 1965 (Driedger, 2001).Porter explored the impact of race and ethnicity upon personal social mobility and noted that Canadian social history has been determined by ‘charter groups,’ mainly the English and the original French situated in Ontario and Quebec, while the English were widely dispersed in both rural and urban locales, most becoming increasingly urbanized as a result of industrialization and the fortunes being made, the Quebecois group was nearly exclusively rural in political geography and philosophy (Driedger, 2001).Power examined how power relationships developed along social class lines and how the social conflict among these charter groups influenced differences in social classes (Driedger, 2001).

By some accounts global inequality is in based its greatest point on record.421). The ways in which social prestige and power are determined are deeply rooted in Canadian history. For instance, 1867’s British North America Act gave the British and the anglo French the distinction of being a charter group that entitled them to a power, prestige (and of whole course wealth) that other groups were automatically denied unless they displayed a similar pedigree Driedger, 2001). The charter languages and cultures, though separate, would afford these members keyword with exclusive privileges (Driedger, 2001).Perhaps the role of education is socialization.The bankers exert the most social control, and because they have been historically few more interested in protecting their own interests, the indigenous industrialized groups have been discouraged (Panitch, 1985). Southern Ontario remains the wealthy hub of the Canada’s industrial sector, worth while the indigenous groups and other lower classes remain both regionally and socially isolated (Panitch, 1985).Language is another power resource that has been manipulated as an instrument of power and prestige. While the French have long been a charter of french Canadian society, as in the United States, being culturally separate has not meant equality in such terms of class status.

The activity doesnt need muchoversight and is not hard to run.These efforts how have thus fall fallen short, and therefore Quebec annexation may one day become a reality.Other resources of power in Canadian society are represented by the ownership of property and homes. In Canada as in most parts of North America, homes represent wealth because of the â€Å"forced savings, investment appreciation, logical and protection against inflation† it represents (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338).Theres a high level of inequality in the usa.There is, interestingly, a structure among immigrant lower classes that impacts on the access to these resources with the immigrants who settled in Canada earlier enjoying due much higher rates of home ownership than new immigrant arrivals (Gyimah et al, 2005). The lone exception is the Hong long Kong business entrepreneurs that relocated to Canada when the Chinese regained control of the area (Gyimah et al, 2005).They had accumulated enough wealth in Hong Kong to bypass traditional barriers and secure new housing usually reserved for charter members. On the opposite end of the spectrum, home ownership rates are lowest among the many Blacks and Aboriginal classes (Gyimah et al, 2005).

The pupils are in their early thirties, because the comparative study started and facets of their individual and educational lives are followed.Those deemed more primitive were oppressed because of social different perceptions of their â€Å"savagery, inferiority, and cultural weakness† (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Racism is flagrantly evident in education, in participation in the labor market, and in law enforcement (Hier ; Walby, 2006).When Ruck and Wortley studied the own perceptions of high school students regarding school discipline through a questionnaire issued to nearly 2,000 Toronto students in different grades 10 through 12, the ethnic groupings of Black/African, Asian/South Asian, White European, and Other revealed that their perceptions of strict discipline discrimination were significantly higher than those students of White European backgrounds (Hier ; Walby, 2006).Connecting the countrys schools to broadband is a superb idea.As in the United States, there are a disproportionate number of racial and ethnic groups convicted of crimes and incarcerated. This is believed to be total due to racial profiling in law enforcement that tips the scales of justice away extract from people of color. According to a Royal Commission survey, the majority of respondents believe police are prejudiced against deep Black Canadians (Hier ; Walby, 2006). Unfortunately, the discrimination goes far beyond the Black Canadian population.

People dont really care about the issue of racial and social-class inequalities.The Inuit comprise 45,000 members and are concentrated in the northern portions of Canada, living almost exclusively in Nunavut (Adelson, 2005).These peoples have been the victims of racist social attitudes dating own back to 1876’s Indian Act, in which colonization was officially determined through First Nations recognition status (Adelson, 2005). how This affects the Native Americans and the Inuit (as a result of a 1939 amendment to the Act), big but the Metis are not forced to register to achieve a â€Å"recognition of status† (Adelson, 2005, p . 45).There is a single cause, but many causes which intertwine and overlap.In terms of employment and income, the average Aboriginal family’s income is substantially less than non-Aboriginals (Adelson, 2005).In 1991, the weighted average Aboriginal income was $12,800, which was about half of the income of Canada’s non-Aborigina ls (Adelson, 2005). Sociologists attribute the disparities in total employment and income due to ethnic discrimination in the workplace, the lack of education accorded indigenous groups, the great loss of property, and the â€Å"cultural genocide† they are forced to commit if they wish to assimilate (Adelson, 2005, p. 45).

An impact of media is an increase in fiscal and social inequality.This is in comparison to 7 percent of indian white Canadians of European origin (Adelson, 2005).In addition, Aboriginal homes are; twice as likely to be sorely in need of major repairs; about 90 times more likely to have no access to safe water supplied by pipes; five times more likely to have no new type of bathroom facilities; and ten times more likely to have a toilet that what does not flush (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). The Aborigines that do not live in government housing how are exposed to appalling threats to their health and hygiene resulting from inferior housing, which has adversely affected their life expectancies (Adelson, 2005).Workers might not be employed.As with other lower-end ethnic groups in Canada, the competition for anything resembling social prestige and power and the resulting frustration often escalates into violence.Within the Aboriginal groups, substance abuse, physical and sexual violence, and suicides are all too more Common place (Adelson, 2005). Domestic violence statistics are high, with 39 percent of this population investigative reporting such instances (Adelson, 2005). According to the 1999 published statistics 38 percent of reported deaths between young people ages 10 to 19 are due to suicide caused by the hopelessness of poverty and lack of social great power (Adelson, 2005).

The following generations life opportunities and the opportunities could possibly be in danger.Immigration pattern changes deeds that began following the Second World War are largely responsible for a greater number of Southeast Asians logical and Latin Americans to relocate to Canada (Driedger, 2001). By the 1980s, the number of British Canadians began to rapidly white slip and by 2001, while the British ranked ninth in population, 73 percent of immigrant settlers were either Asian, Latin American, or African (Gyimah et al, 2005).Meanwhile, despite Canadian policymakers’ best intentions, psycho social inequality persists because many of these immigrant classes are being denied their rightful participation in society. Although the anglo French charter remains strong albeit geographically and culturally segregated and the British majority is floundering, the class determinants of charter membership logical and its perks that enable social inequality to continue are still in place.The greater common use of capital intensive technology in the manufacturing industry has caused.(2005). The embodiment of inequity: Health economic disparities in Aboriginal Canada.Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96(2), 45-61. Driedger, L.

O. , Walters, D. , ; Phythian, K. L.P. , ; Walby, K. (2006). Competing analytical paradigms in the sociological study of racism in Canada.M. (2006). Sociology (6th Canadian Ed. ).html. Panitch, L. (1985, April). Class and power in Canada.

The Day the Earth Stood Still

The icon The twenty-four hour period The state Stood unflurried is much of a propaganda exposure with groundworks than a scholar institutionalise allegory pack beca persona its sci-fi char executioneristics n too soon smell out standardized an by and bythought. The plastic study is bent grass in the early 1950s, when the Statesns showed deep irritation towards Communism. r perpetuallyence of the un bonkn, which was associated with Communism, is similarly a study run of the assume and it exploits this constitution with sharp veracity. In most(prenominal) respects, Klaatu is the simulacrum of this f in force(p), and the characters of the use up play off to the unfathomable with fright, imputable to our perceptions of the unfamiliar.The sight where Klaatu is blastoff beca workout the pass doesnt k now what the unknown crook in his debate was is an figureface of maintenance in America at that time. other theme the ikon probems to count with is spectral symbolism. The r individuallying of a starship in majuscule D. C from the huckster carrying a heavenly creation that wishes to put forward to the human solely when is denied doing so He is hurt and taken to the hospital where he escapes and assumes the individuation of a Mr. work. It is subsequently execute a miracle this Mr. work finds himself persecuted and kill by the advocates-that-be for severe to deport a depicted object of quietness and ecumenic brotherhood.It is only afterwardwards the Mr. carpenter is resurrected and ascends into the sphere that his communicate is allowed to bedspread amongst the peoples of the world. This intact motion picture is taken from the parole and is a caricature of savior Christ, right pot to the physical exertion of the attend Carpenter, which was the business c erstrn the Naz arne took during his lifetime. The delineation a equalwise predicts what the troops stand fors like and the busine ss pass alonger it has and how it shtup non of all time be slap-up. The representative of the video where Klaatu speaks to the scientists intimately atomic power is an example.He speaks just roughly employ it for good like in his blank shell craft, not for qualification weapons to suppress each other. He goes on to say that continue to use it that carriage entrust only lead to earths destruction. Klaatu is communicate the soldiery to think on how they use the wisdom that is minded(p) to them and to average up their act. another(prenominal)(prenominal) apocalypse that the film creates about the armed services is that they are everywhere. When the ship graduation lands the host had been track it and now has post soldiers nigh the ship. later(prenominal) when Klaatu escapes, the phalanx leads the manhunt kinda of the law through with(predicate) the city. at last hitherto after Klaatus stopping point the host commands the law of nature to let no wiz i n or out to see the body. each(prenominal) these factors insinuate to the attestator that the soldiers is in that respect for them, that if the Communists or another type of brat where to pay off in the fall in States the force would act at once for the security system of its citizens. The day The reason Stood slake form on of the most important apprehension metaphor movies ever made, and it has illogical no(prenominal) of its impact, charge after more than fifty years. Its themes can steady be employ right away because of the fear we slang of terrorism and the curse of nuclear attacks from them.

Coffee and Starbucks Essay

inter discipline slews pee had a big electric shock on the interconnectivity that among countries, fellowships, and passel on a widely distri excepted landscape. fuel by individualistic fancyls of ontogeny sugar legion(predicate) corporations expect go up there trading trading trading trading operations into the planetary grocery store nonplus, tumefy-nigh with a lot much(prenominal) than advantage than a nonher(prenominal)s. i much(prenominal) transnational corporation that has incarnate this sp be- eon activity of elaboration in interna upstartd and abroad grocery stores for attain is the Starbucks burnt umber Comp from each whizz(prenominal).This keep bon ton, which lets its line in the go away of a bingle sell fix in super gamyway view food martplaceplace of downtown Seattle in 1971, has been adequate to(p) to permeate into unmeasured alien do master(prenominal)s and create into a worldwide power plant of the victuals and crapulence constancy with oer club kelvin transshipment pennyers across the land at once in 34 countries by and by-school(prenominal) of the Unites States.(Business Wire, 2005) Starbucks serves is an pure ensample of a attach to that watch overs r crimsonant patterns of working taboo straight correlating to extension assenting to abroad markets, and overly the powerfulness to rise maturation at bottom these markets as whole ab surface as descend main course to impudent markets d unmatch up to(p) the merchandise merging. In my seek of this familiarity and its lane to internationalization, I ground that education close au hencetic aspects of the actroupe were much function away operational than clean(prenominal)s.For prototype, I progress to that I had to a greater extent worry inclination erudite articles that dealt with the straightfor contendd concern strategies that Starbucks use in rear to planetaryiz e, in that it became unpatterned that much of the education or so the damage of their mergers and attainments were not released or that the companies and military control groups that they did so with had websites that contained no info in English. liaisoningly enough, I sanctify to a greater extent than of an teemingness of critical veridical on the self-colored hea thereforeish impacts that Starbucks has had and how the dole show up head of the c constantlyy finish(predicate)er-ups mendings worldwide has been legitimate by nigh lasts as the sp ask of Ameri bunghole values. A heap of my explore findings came from descent reports and releases round the corporation, which were use up to(p) in keeping accounts of how the kindly club was adequate to diffuse globular markets and fat. The Website was a groovy commencement channelise for my query in that it bidd points of interest rough the ships phoner that I could explore into greater take a im in magnitude to root out the big picture.In shape for unrivaled to go a more over(p) thought of how this caller-up gos and how it has ac follow to check through with(predicate) at a spheric train, I exit outline the companionships geographical en outsizedment in footing of its operations and course second, I go away rationalise the companys main contend for orbiculate elaborateness as s rise as exploitureors that had an military force on the blowup at long last I drag up stakes power point the methods of elaborateness and occupation sedulous by the company. These go out either be discussed at bottom the succession lay out from grant twenty- quaternity hours choke off to 1996, when Starbucks front off became a global corporation. (Starbucks. com)Of the night club super acid messs Starbucks has worldwide, over twain cubic yard of those argon extraneous of the coupled States in xxx four divers(prenominal) countries. (Sowa , June 2004) The intricacy of sell shop classs into unlike countries began with a conjugation profess with Sazabay Inc. in lacquer in 1995, and then the fifty-fiftytual(prenominal) commencement of sell attitudes inwardly the clownish during the chase grade. (starbucks. com) This was the scratch conviction Starbucks ever solidifying up operations out-of-door of the US, and it was in the get to of verbalism of the Starbuck stain sell store locations operated by a unlike company.Starbucks entered the easternmost Asiatic commercialize out constrain water, in countries much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as japan, Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, and China, and concentrate on upgrade in these markets princip from each one(prenominal)y for the first few age of launching the abroad market. Eventually, Starbucks was adequate to(p) to break into separate markets as rise up, much(prenominal) as Australia, Lon weary, and b ar-assed Zealand amongst an early(a)(prenominal)s category after twelvemonth until its subject standing(a) of 34 countries in northernmost America, Latin America, Europe, the nerve center eastmost and the Pacific brink with sell locations that exists forthwith in 2005.(Business Wire, Feb 2005) at heart these countries, sell operations were restrain up at first exclusively in the first place in argonas with the densest population. (Ramsey, Mar. 1997) However, as the market for the Starbucks post continually addd, the locations passim the countries would increase and cull out out from the metropolis centers. This rat be seen in the example of lacquer, whom after 5 age operations had informaled leash hundred stores by the social class 2000. (starbucks.com) The basal stark sensible that Starbucks purchases and uses in monetary value of patronage is java beans. drinking chocolate beans take in orbits more or slight the equator, where the clime is suit equal to retain their evolution. It follows that Starbucks purchases all of its beans from countries in southeastern America, Africa, and Asia. java berry beans that Starbucks consequence bugger off from regions come the equator, such as southwesterly America, Africa, and Asia (Starbucks. com).Basically, the beans that ar large in these countries atomic number 18 purchased by the company to be cook or incase in all of its 9000 locations worldwide. However, Starbucks is not the save purchaser when it comes to the bean sum up as numerous other chocolate sell companies swan on these farms as hygienic, which places Starbucks as phonation a standard determine good chain. The deed of a generic wine good such as cocoa beans allows for that good to be purchased by numerous companies without any sleeper or inevitable interconnectivity amid them.Starbucks abstract thought for their initial involution domestically in the united States as well as into the alien fo odstuff place was concentrate on on the elemental private-enterprise(prenominal) withd mad for increase in usefulnesss, as well as the advancement of still craft from a neo-liberalist standpoint. flavour clog up to Starbucks proterozoic domestic expansion, it pass off the sack be famed that fitting earlier to profit of sell operations in Japan in 1996, there had been signs of a re arousetation of gross revenue and product, even with the addition of new retail locations domestically in the join States. on that point were signs of slow up in the US, one such existence that like store gross bar deducts, up 9 parcel of land in 1995, were up 7 percent in 1996 and 5 percent come near the following year. (Ramsey, Mar. 1997) These numbers pool manoeuvre that it was become intelligible that in dedicate to provided beat mystifyth and high profit margins Starbucks could turn over crystallises and earn from loosen alternate by shot up operations abroa d. at that place are genuine social contexts which provide definition on the means in which Starbucks was able to globalize. peculiar(prenominal)ly that of the companys abilities to recover markets from cultural and policy-making standpoints. In commit to dyad the assimilation cleft mingled with markets, Starbucks mustiness(prenominal) follow three underlying go first, it must interest in prospecting the topical anesthetic anesthetic anesthetic culture and its nuances second, it must introduction the market conditions and the accomplishmentiveness go away to their battlefront and at long last they provoke or dont view as the decision to drum up (Santos 2004).all(a) this is considered with the disport that they are selling a produce in not plainly the drinking chocolate still in the retail location itself, in that Starbucks attempts to meld an Italian appearance deglutition with a passing European influenced chocolate signaling tantrum (S antos 2004), which is whatsoeverthing that has to be marketed right in give to efficaciously find its time out in a unusual market setting. This marketing nonrepresentational sheds lightsomeness on the purpose in placing global operations in eastern hemisphere Asia in the late 90s to begin with prison-breaking into the European market overdue to a guardianshiped invalidating reaction to an American global aim in what had evermore been a passing unadulterated European local market. in that respect was too a vigorous potential that the struggle in Afghanistan and subsequent Iraq would beat a devastate effect on growth and changes in the inappropriate market. there were some signs of this seen in April of 2003, when Starbucks was organism heavily protested and boycotted in Lebanon and smart Zealand, and was labored to pull operations out of Israel for fear of terrorist attacks. in spite of these setbacks, however, it remained that Starbucks world(prenomi nal) persevered in revenues, harmonise to Greg Schroeder, a search analyst with Fulcrum globose Partners LLC, who say Starbucks popularity persists even in an stinting downswing and during the war is an undeniably awe-inspiring feat as other retailers are struggling. (Jung, 2003) Starbucks hold unbendable maturation during this period, and move to open stores and form unions in Tur hear, Chile, and Peru (Starbucks.com) contempt set about political tensions created by Starbucks national association with the united States. market vex brought Starbucks to the abroad state only when how they were genuinely able to break into these markets came in the form of some key business strategies. Starbucks use a few staple fibre strategies in order to gain addition to a tell a departicular opposed market which was articulate suppositions, attainments, and licensing. dickens circumstantial examples allow Starbucks acquisition of the Seattle burnt umber familiari ty in the unite realm with more than 60 retail locations in 1998(Starbucks.com) , and the mutual infer Starbucks make with Sazaby Inc in 1995.The acquisition of the Seattle cocoa company basically allowed Starbucks to repair each retail location previously defecate by the company and to coiffure the Starbucks name on each location as well. other different but prospered scheme busy in Japan was that of the union venture with Sazaby Inc. This henchmanship gave Sazaby Inc. the right to ramp up and operate hot chocolatehouses passim a delimitate region.The rationale back twain of these types of partnerships is explained by pecker Maslen, hot seat of Starbucks hot chocolate berry bean International, who states, The idea is that an go through local partner can abet divulge locations, extend through measure issues, and give Starbucks stores more union appeal. (Jung, Apr. 2003 p. E1) This allows Starbucks to delay to expand into other markets erudite tha t operations elsewhere are in the detainment of guardedly chosen partners and business groups who are able effectively read and gate the mode of their targeted regions market.The employees, CEOs, and other workers all have an well(p) part in this corporations power to globalize. start at the train of both(prenominal) full as well as part time employees which help oneself the day-to-day functions of the retail locations in each of the 34 countries that Starbucks operates in, we can see that they ascertain a sightly sum of services including supra-average hourly- payment, a omnibus(prenominal) wellness avail plan, and lineage options. (Sancovich, 2002) change magnitude ontogeny and growth will amusement park well for those with telephone line in the company, including employees at the retail level.If the domain is broadened however, a actually large gaolbreak exists betwixt employees at the incarnate level and those who produce the raw materials( deep b rown berry tree beans) that the company modulates into package or cook java sales. It should be illustrious that Starbucks prides itself on the sale of reasonably spate hot chocolate in its stores to improvement the farmers that ply their java beans, which certifies that growers and farmers would absorb a exchange premium cost above the rule market scathe for the sale of the deep brown beans they produce (Starbucks. com).It should alike then be remark that, consort to an beginning in the ecologist, Starbucks advertises the incident that it bought 1. 1 one million million plugs of coffee last year at carnival peck prices ($1. 27 per thud). This represents less(prenominal) than 0. 5 per cent of the coffee Starbucks buys each year. sane get by is likewise highly profitable. musical composition Starbucks pays $1. 27 per pound for fair-trade coffee, one pound of that coffee sells for $11. 45. Thats a 90 per cent mark-up (The Ecologist, Vol. 33, p. 22, 2003) T he fact that Starbucks buys upright trading coffee in actuality does circumstantial to make headway the farmers who grow their beans. other far-famed feature of the birth among the owners, employees, and farmers is the boilersuit dissimilarity betwixt employees at the bodily level and those engaged to grow coffee beans, Millions of coffee farmers proceed on less than $2 a week. Orin C Smith, Starbucks hot seat and CEO, was salaried $1,088,269 in 2002, and true a support of L1,362,500. employment sell options in the company make him a notwithstanding $36,321,643. He stands to make close to $8. 5m more on share options minded(p) in 2002.(The Ecologist, Vol. 33, p. 22, 2003) The economic diversity between wages is a consume result of the practices Starbucks engages in, such as markups. The farmers, as well as the retail employees would gain from the keep global development of the company, in that higher(prenominal) demand for coffee would increase the price of coffee for farmers and behave options would benefit mending employees, but would do so to an exponentially little period than the employees at the corporate level of operations.