Administration of Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Article

Administration of Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine to Parents of High-Risk Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit - Article Example The feasibility study was conducted to measure the role vaccination in the parents in controlling the infection of pertussis on the susceptible infants. This type of epidemiological study was applied because vaccination of the parents and adults, who are in constant contact with the infants is still not considered as one of the essential means of controlling the spread the pertussis in the infants. Identification of measures of prevention of the transmission of Bordetella Pertussis to young infants was the key factor of the study. The study was designed to explore whether the vaccination of parents was also one of the contributing factors in the increasing incidence of pertussis amongst infants. Bordetella Pertussis has become one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality amongst the infants. It is assumed that the parents may also be the most important carrier of Pertussis virus and the result of the study would encourage vaccination of parents and adults as a major preventive measure to control the spread of pertussis amongst the vulnerable infants. The article highlights the probable sources of infections and focuses on vaccination of parents so the infants can be safeguarded against the dreaded disease. The study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Stony Brook University Medical Center, New York from July 1, 2007 to October 30, 2007. During the period, 358 infants with gestational age ranging from 23 weeks to 42 weeks were admitted into NICU and 495 of 592 eligible parents were offered vaccination. 430 parents agreed to participate in the program. The nursing and other staff was adequately prepared to disseminate information regarding risks and benefits of the immunization e program. The vaccination was carried out as per the guidelines of the TdaP vaccine of Sanofi Pasteur, France. Consent forms with pertinent information like parents age, infants age, apgar score, race, discharge date, vaccine lot

Prove or conversely disprove the inverse square law Essay Example for Free

Prove or conversely disprove the inverse square law Essay My aim of this experiment is to prove or conversely disprove the inverse square law, which simply states that the intensity of any point source, which spreads its influence equally in all directions without a limit to its range, will decrease in intensity inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Background information Research As first proposed by Isaac Newton when proposing his universal law of gravitation it became clear to him that the intensity of gravity would decrease according to the inverse of the square of the distance. This is the heart of the inverse square, which states for any point source, which spreads its influence equally in all directions without a limit to its range, will obey the inverse square law. Quite simply the inverse square law states that for sources emitted from a point the intensity will be deduced as the inverse of the square of the distance. You double the distance you reduce the intensity by a factor of 1/4. This has applications in electric fields, light, sound, gamma radiation, and gravity. All of these are expressed in the medium of a field. To explain the properties involved in a field it is useful to use the idea of flux. When water flows form a source to a sink it is transferred at a certain rate, or flux. The flux density will be the mass of water per second crossing a unit area perpendicular to the flow. We can think of energy density in a similar way. Energy flux density is normally referred to as intensity. Field strength and energy flux density are related. The strength of a field will fall off proportionally. The idea of flux can be applied to fields in which there is no obvious evidence for anything actually being transferred, such as static electrical fields, gravitational fields and magnetic fields. The mathematics that model flux are the same whatever the field. Generally this can be summed up in a formula which states the intensity at a point on a sphere of influence will be deduced by the source strength divided by 4 times pi times the radius squared, where this is the surface area over which the initial source has spread its influence. I = S / 4? r2 This formula manifests itself in a variety of ways when put into context. When applied to gravity the formula to show the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of a body is, 4? GM = Intensity at the surface of sphere of influence. Where G is the gravitational constant, M the mass of the object, and r the distance from the centre point. By cancelling out the 4? section we are left with the more elegant formula, GM = acceleration due to gravity r2 Where acceleration due to gravity would be equivalent to the intensity of the source. As the distance is doubled, the intensity is reduced by a factor of 4. So theoretically gravity obeys the inverse square law. When applied to sound we get the formula, P = I 4? r2 Where P is the source power, I the intensity at surface of sphere, and r the distance from the source power. So again we see that as we double the distance we reduce the intensity by a factor of 4. The differce here that as sound is not of ethereal nature it is affected by its surroundings and only works without reflections, or reverberations. The behaviour of point charges in an electrostatic field will obey coulombs law, which in turn obeys the inverse square law. The formula here is, Q = E 4 0 r2 Where Q/? 0 is the source strength, E is the strength of the electrostatic field, and r is the distance. So again we see that as the distance is doubled, the intensity of the field is reduced by a factor of four.

Comparing Social Norms in My Last Duchess by Robert Browning and Ulysse

When one travels, it is easy to observe differences in social norms from country to country. One may also observe differences within a country, for example, the social norms of a small town or village versus those of a large metropolis. Differences in social norms can also be observed in literature. This essay will focus on two dramatic monologues, which were written by poets who lived in England during the same period. Robert Browning published My last Duchess in 1842, the same year that Alfred Tennyson published Ulysses. Both poets lived in England during the Victorian era. However, by examining characters from their poetry, namely Alfonso in My Last Duchess and Odysseus in Ulysses, we can see that they express opposite norms concerning controlling power, change, form and death. â€Å"E'en then would be some stooping; and I choose Never to stoop. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt, whene'er I passed her; but who passed without Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together† (Line 42-46) (Browning 714). This implies that Alfonso can't sand his wife's behavior, which leads him to kill her. He doesn't want to stoop for her, which means he doesn't want to give in to her to gain her attention in that way. Instead of being nice to her, he chooses to affect his power over her, a power he is afraid to lose. Yet even after he kills her, he keeps her picture, and covers it with the curtain. This is his way of putting her in her place, a prison of sorts, in which he chooses when and to whom she will ever smile again. Then he says to the servant of the Count of Tyrol â€Å"the curtain I have drawn for you† and he shows the picture to him. From Alfonso’s words, we can tell that he is satisfied with this action becau... ... In My Last Duchess, Browning shows that thing has a form, which he literally has and everyone can see it, had a value and it will not change forever. Even Browning expresses that death still can bring back something he wants. In contrast, Tennyson mentions powers itself doesn’t attract or move him. A death won’t give anything to him. Therefore, to achieve what he wants means more to him. Browning doesn’t find any interest in the thing, which has a form and will not change forever. Change itself actually has value. From this, even though Browning and Tennyson lived in the same era, their norms are world apart. Works Cited Browning, Robert. "My Last Duchess." Literature Across Cultures. Ed. SheilaGillespie, et al 4th Ed. New York: Longman, 2005. Tennyson, Alfred. "Ulysses". Victorian Literature, 1830-1900.Boston: McPeek, 2002. pp. 399-400. Print.

Maria Mitchell :: essays research papers

MARIA MITCHELL The person that I chose for the Womens History Month report is Maria Mitchell, who was a self- taught astronomer. She discovered Comet Mitchell and made amazing achievements throughout her life. Maria Mitchell was born on August 1, 1818 on the Massachusetts island of Nantucket to William and Lydia Mitchell. When Maria Mitchell was growing up in the Quaker community, few girls were allowed to study astronomy and higher mathematics. Even though the Mitchell's weren't rich Maria's father, a devoted amateur( most astronomers of that time were amateurs) astronomer, introduced her to mathematics and the night sky. He also encouraged her toward teaching and passed on a sense of God as in the natural world. By the time Maria was sixteen, she was a teacher of mathematics at Cyrus Pierce's school for young ladies where she used to be a student. Following that she opened a grammar school of her own. And only a year after that, at the age of eighteen she was offered a job as a librar ian at Nantucket's Atheneum during the day when it opened to the public in the fall of 1836. At the Atheneum she taught herself astronomy by reading books on mathematics and science. At night she regularly studied the sky through her father's telesscope. For her college education even Harvard couldn't have given her a better education than she received at home and at that time astronomy in America was very behind as of today. She kept studying at the Atheneum, discussed astronomy with scientists who visited Nantucket (including William C. Bond), and kept studying the sky through her father's lent telescope. In the mid-nineteenth century, new developments in astronomy were expanding the field at an fast and exciting rate. The Mitchells were aware that the King of Denmark awarded a gold metal to anyone who discovered a "telescopic" comet. No one in America had won that award yet. On the night of October 1, 1847 Maria Mitchell discovered a comet just above the North Star. But by the time her letter of discovery reached William Bond (director of the Harvard Observatory) Father de Vico at the Vatican Observatory in Rome had already announced his discovery of the same comet on October 3. Professor Bond began a campaign to get Maria her rightful award. On October 6, 1848, a year and five days later the King of Denmark decided to award the prize to Maria.

Away From Her †A Film Review Essay

The film Away From Her, is a screenplay adaptation from the short story Bear came over the Mountain by Alice Munro. The story focuses around the relationship of Fiona and Grant, an Ontario couple married over 40 years. The couple is forced to face that fact that Fionas forgetfulness is actually Alzheimers disease. After Fiona wanders away and is found after being lost, she realizes that she can no longer live at home. Fiona has too much self-pride for herself, and too much pity for Grant, to subject him to her deteriorating mind. She makes the decision on her own to check into a comfortable nearby nursing home. The nursing home they choose has a no-visitors policy for the first thirty days of the patients stay, to let them adjust to their new settings. When Grant visits Fiona after the first month of her staying in the nursing home, he finds out that not only has she forgotten him, but Fiona has transferred her feelings to another man. The other man is Aubrey, a wheelchair bound mute patient at the nursing home. His wife Marian later moves Aubrey out of the home. As the distance between Grant and Fiona increases, Grant must sacrifice his own happiness for Fiona. This moving story, was told from the perspective of the director and screenplay writer, Sarah Polley. I believe that she used the films focus of Alzheimer, humour and intimacy between the characters to show an honest relationship of a forty-year marriage. Objectively the film is the struggle of relationship with a women suffering from Alzheimers. I think that the director, Sarah Polley used role of Alzheimers in the film as a metaphor for how memory plays out in a long relationship: what we choose to remember what we choose to forget. At a point in the film, where Grant drove Fiona, we get a glimmer that their marriage wasnt all like it seemed to be. Fiona mentions a younger woman, a student of Grants who somehow had an impact of their marriage. Although Fiona doesnt come out right and say it, the film implies that Grant may have cheated or at least was tempted to cheat on her. After that incident, he swore he would do anything for her. Grant retired from the university and they moved out to the cottage on the lake, where the two have lived ever since. It is interesting to see that memory is selective, and that through the whole disease she still seems to remember the things she wishes she would forget. Polley explores the dynamics of the survival of a long  marriage, managing to do so without having to rely on flashbacks of a romantic past. The only flashback we see in the film is a screen shot of Fiona as a young woman smiling, no dialogue, just the image. I think the image isnt mean to represents a romantic past of their younger years, but an ideal of health that Grant wishes he had back. He is attempting to cope with a new Fiona he doesnt recognize, nor who recognizes him. I think the film shows Grant discovering himself after being married to somebody for so long, realizing what unconditional love meant at the end of their marriage. In this case Grant reaches out to Marian, Aubreys wife to convince her that Aubrey come to visit Fiona. Sarah Polley also uses subtle humour in her film. The humour in film provided relief to the tension of the film and also gave insight to the bigger perspective of life itself. The film focus is surrounding a debilitating disease and its impact on others, so it is important for comedic relief. For example, Fiona jokes with Grant about not remembering where he was going, later adding in a just kidding. Although the films humour is not very substantial, I think it represents the idea that life goes on. I think that this is also characterized through the relationship that develops between Grant and Marian. Marian is a pretty witty older lady, and the dynamic of her and Grant is hilarious. Marian is straight to the point, strong spoken, while Grant is more passive in his speaking. I think that this dynamic may have been similar to of Grants and Fionas relationship, although Fiona appears to be more classy than Marian. Fiona used humour subtly after learning of her condition. Even her appointment with the doctor, she was using humour in some form to answer the doctors question. I think the use of humour is a coping mechanism for Fiona, but also shows her strength of character. Fionas acceptance of her diagnosis is shown through her swift actions and her positive behaviour such as humour, proves her strength of character. I think that this adds to the proof of her real courage and strength, which helps to give evidence to her and Grants marriage being able to last over forty years. The last item that I believe the director wanted to address was the idea of a sexual relationship among older adults. In a few parts of the movie, there  are intimate encounters between Fiona and Grant, and Grant and Marian. Many films, for example the Notebook, and others that deal with people in their 60s and 70s, give off the idea that they are very sweet and sexless. Although it is somewhat seem as taboo that elderly dont engage in sexual activity, I think that Polley used this as part of a way to show the true honesty of the relationship. We are not given some cookie cutter idea of the marriage. Polley used the opportunity of showcasing intimacy among older people, as a sign that there is a reason why people are together for so long. There arent just meaningful conversations; there is actual chemistry still there between two people after all those years. There is truth to the relationship, whether it be their apparent intimacy level, or the trials and tribulations they have go ne through over the years. After watching the film, I could see why it received so many awards. Julie Christie, played her part brilliantly, with the ability to balance a person with Alzheimers enough so that it is clear her mind is deteriorating, but not too much that she comes off as crazy. You see a significant change in her mannerisms and speaking from the start of the movie from the end of the movie. I think her role impeccably shows the disease of Alzheimers in a way that is real, and gives meaning to the clear changes that the family has to go through. I found it interesting that after thirty days she had forgotten Grant, and never retained any memory of him. I longed for her to show some glimmer of memory, whether it be a song and scent, but that day never came. I was very much moved by the relationship between Grant and Fiona. The relationship seemed very realistic, the dynamics between the two did not seemed forced by anyway. I appreciated the fact that there was truth to their long span of marriage, such as the altercation between Grant and one of his students. Even though this happened, the two stuck together for better and for worse. The fact that among the beginning of her disease Fiona still had memory of this, shows the significance it had on their marriage. I also thought that it was important to show that they still were intimate, and had chemistry between the two. It signified how important they were to one another and how difficult it was for Grant to accept Fionas condition, but his willingness and persistence to stay by her side. This movie gave a  true portrait of real life couples, struggling with day to day life, a marriage isnt one huge love story, it takes a mutual commitment. The whole aspect of Alzheimers is quite foreign to me. One set of my grandparents are deceased, while the other I am not super close to. There is a language barrier between my grandmother and I, making it difficult to communicate. She has begun to show some forgetfulness, but it hasnt really progressed into anything serious. I think that the if I was more aware of the effects of Alzheimers on a personal level, I may be more effected by the film and Fionas condition. I think that Alzheimers would be the most horrifying diseases for me. In the beginning, between episodes of memory and no memory, I think I would really struggle with dealing with the disease. When I was coherent of what was happening, that I was not remembering things would probably really upset me. I like that feeling of being in control, so not being able to remember simple things would really bother me. As time goes on through the film, I really start to feel for Grant, because at this point I dont think Fiona realize what is going on. Although it is sad for Fiona, she is unaware what is going on, while Grant is forced to deal with the disease as well. I think that it was sad to see Grant become aware that the Alzheimers disease is the beginning of the end and will ultimately result in his wifes death. I think that as he sat in the dining room hall watching the patients, he observed various stages of Alzheimers, becoming aware of what was to come in the near future. Another impact of the film on me, was the budding relationship between Grant and Marian. I found it difficult to understand the timeline of the film, because it seemed to switch back and forth between the past and present. However, I think it was important for Grant to develop a relationship with Marian. I think he needed that support from somebody who knew what he was going through. It also gave hope the notion that there is something for him to look forward too, despite of his situation with his wife. He had somebody he could rely on, be intimate with and share a connection with. It shows that all human strive for that connection with people, and he had lost that with his wife due to her disease. The biggest problem I had was with the ending of the film. In the end, Grant convinces Marian to bring Aubrey back to the nursing home to visit Fiona. The connection that bonded Fiona and Aubrey together everyday was ripped apart, when Marian took Aubrey out of the home. Fiona seemed to miss Aubrey, but the mention of him decreased as time went on. However, Grant convinced for the meeting to happen. However, in the end when Grant tells her that Aubrey was there, Fiona had forgotten who Aubrey was. This was the end of the movie, and it was truly heartbreaking. The effort that Grant put in for this to happen didnt even matter in the end. Although it gives justice to the true effects of the disease, I had wished for a happy ending. Whether it be Fiona remembers Aubrey or Grant. However, Polley stayed consistent with her depiction of a real life relationship right until the end of the film. In conclusion, I overall enjoyed the film Away from Her. The film focused around the story of an elderly couple, Grant and Fiona, who are forced to deal with Fionas diagnose of Alzheimers. The director, Sarah Polley used a combination of humour and human intimacy to depict a true honest relationship of a long lasting marriage. I found the movie somewhat moving, enjoying the dynamic relationship of Fiona, Grant, Aubrey and Marian. I would have been more impacted if I had a personal experience related to Alzheimers, but still found the film moving. I wish the film had ended differently, in a way that she would somehow recognize Grants efforts for his love for Fiona. Bibliography: Opinion Piece about FilmAway From Her. Film (2006)

Communication and Culture in the Matirx relaoded essays

Communication and Culture in the Matirx relaoded essays The Matrix Reloaded is a film within the science fiction genre which leaves the audience skeptical of our world and surroundings. It places an emphasis upon what is reality. The Matrix Reloaded is the second installment of the Matrix trilogy which follows the struggles of humans who are fighting for their freedom from a machine dominated society. One of the many promotional posters from the movie Matrix Reloaded is the image that has been chosen to conduct a commutation test. The syntagm within the poster which is the main promotional poster for the movie, has three main characters they are positioned centrally and are facing forward creating a natural focal point for the poster. The hazy smudge around the main characters emphasizes this focal point once again drawing the eye to the main characters. The green computer code running down the poster creates the illusion of being within the Matrix and considering Matrix Reloaded is the second film in the trilogy it can be assumed that the audience will relate to the meaning behind the code. The three main characters body language reflects a strong unified front that is ready to take on anything that gets in its way. This is reflected by the expressions on their faces and through their stance which is slightly off centre. This stance is a typical base fighting position with one foot slightly behind the other suggesting that the characters must be ready to fight at all times. The paradigm colour is used heavily in this poster, green is throughout the entirety of the poster as it is the colour that all matrix code is written in. The other dominant colour in the poster is black which the main characters are wearing. The use of black as the major colour in the characters clothing reflects the current themes in fashion as well as a reversal from the typical white is good black is bad theme that appears on a regular basis within film. ...

Free Essays on Comparison Between Rome And Greece

The Greeks and Romans both started their own civilizations as city-states. While the irregular coastline and the mountainous terrain of the Greek peninsula isolated the multiple Greek civilizations from one another, the city of Rome was located in the geographical middle of a generally north-south plain bordered on the east with mountains and on the west by the sea. With most their land being open, Rome was exposed to the migrations of trade and invasions of people from the Po River in the north and Sicily in the south. This strategic location provided Rome with the ability to communicate and trade within all the city-states very easily. And with being open to invasion evolved Rome to create a dominating army. The two primary ethnic and cultural influences upon the Romans were determined to a degree by this geography. The first influence was that of the Etruscans in the north, and the second major influence was that of the Greeks in the south. By the time the city-state of Rome had emerged as a distinct entity out of its Etruscan origins and was prepared to expand its own unique influence, Greek civilization had spread throughout the Mediterranean basin. However, the fierce exclusiveness of the Greek city-states from one another, stemming from their geographical isolation, had determined that Greek colonization of the Mediterranean would be an extension of isolated city-states. The Greek polis did not permit the building of a Greek empire, and the strict barrier to the extension of citizenship prevented any one of the Greek’s city-states from becoming dominant and was hard to unite the isolated cities through the mountains. As we have seen from Greek history, the Athenians were on t he way to creating an empire through their domination of the Delian League, but this trend was reversed in the Pelopponesian Wars. The Romans, on the other hand, brought other communities on the Italian peninsula under their control, first by conquest,... Free Essays on Comparison Between Rome And Greece Free Essays on Comparison Between Rome And Greece The Greeks and Romans both started their own civilizations as city-states. While the irregular coastline and the mountainous terrain of the Greek peninsula isolated the multiple Greek civilizations from one another, the city of Rome was located in the geographical middle of a generally north-south plain bordered on the east with mountains and on the west by the sea. With most their land being open, Rome was exposed to the migrations of trade and invasions of people from the Po River in the north and Sicily in the south. This strategic location provided Rome with the ability to communicate and trade within all the city-states very easily. And with being open to invasion evolved Rome to create a dominating army. The two primary ethnic and cultural influences upon the Romans were determined to a degree by this geography. The first influence was that of the Etruscans in the north, and the second major influence was that of the Greeks in the south. By the time the city-state of Rome had emerged as a distinct entity out of its Etruscan origins and was prepared to expand its own unique influence, Greek civilization had spread throughout the Mediterranean basin. However, the fierce exclusiveness of the Greek city-states from one another, stemming from their geographical isolation, had determined that Greek colonization of the Mediterranean would be an extension of isolated city-states. The Greek polis did not permit the building of a Greek empire, and the strict barrier to the extension of citizenship prevented any one of the Greek’s city-states from becoming dominant and was hard to unite the isolated cities through the mountains. As we have seen from Greek history, the Athenians were on t he way to creating an empire through their domination of the Delian League, but this trend was reversed in the Pelopponesian Wars. The Romans, on the other hand, brought other communities on the Italian peninsula under their control, first by conquest,...

Free Online Public Schools for Arizona Students, K-12

Free Online Public Schools for Arizona Students, K-12 Arizona offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Arizona. To qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. Arizona Connections Academy Arizona Connections Academy is a tuition-free online public school that gives students throughout the state the flexibility to learn at home with a curriculum that meets rigorous state education standards. The school says its mission is to help each online student maximize his or her potential and meet the highest performance standards through a uniquely individualized virtual learning program. The schools virtual program includes: A K-12 curriculum developed by leading education expertsInstruction from state-certified teachers experienced in online instructionSupport from trained counselors, principals, and administrative staffFree textbooks, curriculum materials, and computer equipment (including a subsidy for Internet service) needed to participate in a dynamic online learning environment Arizona Virtual Academy Arizona Virtual Academy uses  K12 online curricula  to offer Arizona students individualized learning that features: Experienced, state-certified, highly qualified teachers,  who are available online and by phoneCurriculum that covers both the core subject areas and electivesOnline planning and assessment tools, resources, and hands-on materials  ranging from textbooks to microscopes, rocks, and soil to illustrated classic childrens storiesAccess to career-planning resources and counselors  who help identify student goals and paths for success post-high schoolAn active, supportive school community that organizes monthly gatherings where parents, students, and staff share their successes and helpful hints Hope High School Online Hope High School, a fully accredited online program, is sponsored by the Arizona State Board of Charter Schools for students in grades seven 7 through 12. Hope High School Online is proud of our online high school being ranked (in Arizona) in the top four and top five for student achievement among alternative schools for English Language Arts and Math by AzMERIT, the school notes on its website. Students can log in on their own schedule and complete coursework at their own pace. The school offers two diploma options: a standard diploma for students who plan to attend a community college or trade school and a college prep diploma for students who plan to attend a four-year university. The college prep diploma includes higher-level math during the senior year and two years of foreign language. IQ Academy Arizona The IQ Academy Arizona, a virtual program for sixth-through-12-grade students, allows students to: Set their own scheduleLearn online, wherever they have internet accessTalk to teachers directly whenever they need helpStudy subjects that interest themGo at their own paceA free, school-supplied laptop Additionally, the school offers nearly 90 courses, in such subject areas as foreign language, technology, and psychology as well as advanced placement courses. The program also includes local and national clubs, face-to-face events, and a national IQ community website to help students make friends. Primavera High School Primavera Virtual High School, which serves more than 20,000 students each year, offers an alternative to traditional high school. The school seeks to provide second chances for students to earn their diplomas with a personalized, rigorous education through its online curriculum taught by highly qualified instructors and guidance counselors. We also host  a robust student life at Primavera to create an atmosphere of collaboration and community, the school notes. With activities like student clubs, school dances and monthly events, Primavera students can easily meet their classmates and make friends. Sequoia Choice - Arizona Distance Learning Sequoia Choice – Arizona Distance Learning, founded in 1998, is a tuition-free Arizona public charter school authorized by the Arizona Department of Education to provide distance learning services to Arizona students in grades K-12.   The school focuses on serving four types of students: Working students: A large majority of older students attend Sequoia Choice while working full or part-time. Students are able to access their courses at any time making school possible while working.Home-bound students: Some students have health or physical challenges which can make attending school difficult. Through distance learning, home-bound students are able to receive a quality education that provides the flexibility and availability they need.Year-round students: Traditional schools are available to students for nine months out of the year. Because the school is year-round, students who need the extra time are granted extra time.Credit recovery students: Students sometimes get behind in their required credits for high school graduation. One option in getting caught up is to take an online course for credit recovery. Sequoia Choice offers both semesters of all core subjects at any time during the year.

First Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First Amendment - Essay Example Speech, as defined by the Constitution is not limited to the spoken word. It can be an expression or idea. Symbolic speech, as it is often referred to, includes various types of nonverbal communications such as peaceful protests, campaign signs in the front yard and burning the American flag. Yes, burning the flag is a legal expression of free speech. The Supreme Court, through years of rulings, has clearly defined the parameters of free speech. For example in 1969 Brandenburg v. Ohio case the Court ruled that government could not forbid speech that encourages subversive or illegal activity unless that â€Å"advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action.† (Brandenburg v. Ohio, 1969) Using Brandenburg as precedent the Supreme Court ruled the government could not prosecute a Vietnam draft dodger who said â€Å"if they ever make me carry a rifle, the first man I want in my sights is L.B.J.† in Watts v. U.S. (1969). ... A person risks their life in many other countries for much less flagrant self expressive speech than that. The right to free speech is not all-inclusive however. The Court has ruled speech which damages another person’s reputation or defamation including both slander and libel is actionable in court. (Cohen, 2009). â€Å"Defamation law attempts to balance the freedom of speech and open exchange of ideas without giving someone permission to run around spreading lies about another that may harm his or her reputation, ability to earn a living, etc.† (Fabio, 2009). Merely expressing an opinion, however, is not regarded as defamation. Factual statements can only be considered defamatory. Public figures such as celebrities and government officials have not enjoyed the same level of protection under defamation laws. For those in the â€Å"public eye† actual malice toward that person by the speaker must be demonstrated in order to prevail on a defamation claim. (Cohen, 2 009). This is the reason we see so many celebrity tabloids with outrageous headlines in he checkout lanes in grocery stores. It’s much tougher for celebrities to win a lawsuit than the general public. Most forms of speech are covered by the First Amendment but besides defamation other types of speech may be legally restricted and civil litigation initiated based on these restrictions. The Supreme Court has set guidlelines for these other types of speech such as obscenity, causing panic, incitement to crime, sedition, fighting words and hate speech. The test for obscene speech established by the Court is (a) whether that spoken word or expression of speech such as artwork is regarded by the average person as being erotic, (b) whether the words or art depicts acts that are obviously offensive, and (c)

Swire Pacific Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Swire Pacific - Case Study Example Through its development it has nearly 4000 permanently employed staff and over 9000 cockpit and cabin crew, which enables the company offer unrivalled services, with this numbers its one of the highest employer in Honk Kong's economy. Cathy pacific services limited won the bid in the first quarter of 2008 to set up a new cargo handling facility at the Hong Kong International Airport in the which would be built at a cost of HK$4.8 billion, with this it would be able to handle the largest air cargo in world within the year 2011 upon its completion (Steger, 2003). The airline has partnered with other major global airlines in the oneworld global alliance, which serves in 150 countries with more than 700 destinations. It also has interest in airline catering services with one of the largest flight kitchens in the world, with wholly owned subsidiaries servicing other international carriers across Hong Kong. With Swire owning 40% of Cathy Pacific Airways it has interest in aviation engineering through Hong Kong Engineering Company Limited after a merger was sealed between the companies. Being listed on the Hong Kong stock market, it has 4,600 employees in Hong Kong. It is the largest maintenance service provider in Hong Kong International Airport and in Asia's aeronautical maintenance industry. With the construction of the third and fourth maintenance hangar it provides Hong Kong extra employment and income generating opportunities. With 2000 employees in its ground services company in Hong Kong, as well as its Vogue Laundry Unit serving over 20 airlines, it has an edge over Hong Kong's economic prospects on its hospitality industry than any other aviation company around (Murray, 2006). Beverages With Swire Pacific being an anchor bottler with coca-cola, it is the main distributor and product developer for coca-cola brands in Hong Kong and mainland China, under the brand name Swire coca-cola Hong Kong Limited where Pacific owns 87.5% in shareholding. This clearly makes Swire Pacific the highest employer in Hong Kong beverage industry through its high operations base and more than 15 distribution and sales centers to serve a market base of more than 47million in Hong Kong and 400nillion around the globe. Apart from the coca-cola products it also produces mineral water and ready to drink milk tea either with Nescaf'e or Nestl ingredients (Steger, 2003). Hospitality Swire also has interests in the hospitality industry through the completion of its boutique hotels in Hong Kong by its wholly owned subsidiary Swire Hotels, which would be luxurious hotels offering lifestyle to travellers in search of personalized and individual services. This would make Hong Kong one of the major tourist and business travel destinations in the larger Asia. With promotion of the tourism industry it would earn Hong Kong the much needed foreign cash flow and high employment opportunities in its economy (Bastardas-Boada, 2002). Economic Assessment of Asia-Pacific Tourism sector in this

George Gordon Byron Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

George Gordon Byron - Research Paper Example Poem 1- She Walks in Beauty 6 A. Personal Analysis 6 A.1. How the Poem Fits into the Era 6 A.2. Literary Analysis 7 V. Poem 2 – The Destruction of Senacherib 8 A. Personal Analysis 8 A.1. How the Poem Fits into the Era 8 A.2. Literary Analysis 8 VI. Poem 3 - Darkness 9 A. Personal Analysis 9 A.1. How the Poem Fits into the Era 9 A.2. Literary Analysis 9 VII. Conclusion 10 Works Cited 11 I. Introduction A. Thesis Statement What seems to stand out from the poetry and from the life of the man, is that of Byron like his poems depicting a kind of beauty that is detached from ordinary reality, and yet so much more beautiful for being so, detached yet somehow real and palpable, and utterly heroic. This seems to represent in one way what Romanticism is all about (Byron; Brooklyn College English Department; Academy of American Poets; Poetry Foundation). B. Brief Overview B.1. Literary Era The literary era to which Byron and his poetry belongs is the era of Romanticism (Brooklyn College English Department). B.2. Biography The poet was born into royalty, and was able to inherit a title, so that by age of 10, he became Baron of Rochdale. His father died at a young age, and he was full of resentment for his mother. He died at the age of 36 (Academy of American Poets) B.3. ... that we inherit the convenient set of terminal dates for the Romantic period, beginning in 1798, the year of the first edition of  Lyrical Ballads  by Wordsworth and Coleridge and of the composition of  Hymns to the Night  by Novalis, and ending in 1832, the year which marked the deaths of both Sir Walter Scott and Goethe. (Brooklyn College English Department) B. Defining the Era, Characteristics of the Poetry There is an emphasis on the individual, the individual as a hero, where the personality is supreme, elevated. Imagination has a central place in Romanticism too, which also likewise was put up in a pedestal as being the best part of the human mind and consciousness. Symbols and symbolism, as they pertain to nature, for instance, were also highly valued. Feelings were given emphasis, especially as with regards to the expression of feelings in poetry (Brooklyn College English Department) C. Era in the Context of British History 1798 marked the year of the Irish Rebelliion , marked by a period of intense conflict between Britain and its neighbor, culminating in union (Bartlett). This period was also marked by the turn of the century struggle between Napoleon on the one hand and Britain on the other, all the way to 1802 (History World). C.4. Era in the Context of World/Global History and Events Elsewhere in the world Napoleon was brought down also during this period, at Waterloo in 1815, and the slaves were finally emancipated in New York around 1827, when slavery was outlawed in that state (Taylor) C.5 How Byron Fits Into This Era Byron was a leading voice of the Romantic era. He is credited with having a large influence on the movement and on the Romantic poets and artists in general, especially with his poem â€Å"Don Juan†. The term â€Å"Byronic hero† is also

Cross Culture Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Cross Culture Management - Essay Example Hofstede’s culture model entails four dimensions that are critical in differentiating the national and organization culture. The dimensions include the masculinity versus femininity index (MAS), the individualism versus collectivism index (IDV), power distance index (PDI) and uncertainty avoidance index (UAI) (Cullen and Parboteeah 51).The masculinity refers to the degree to which the society maintains the distinction of traditional male and female roles. The individualism versus collectivism dimension refers to how the cultural values promote ties between the people and processes of decision-making (Cullen and Parboteeah 51). The power distance index (PDI) refers to the degree inequality is evident in the society especially in the distribution of power while the uncertainty avoidance index (UAI) refers to ability of the members of the society to anticipate uncertainty such as taking risk, engaging in conflicts and stability of laws and governance (Cullen and Parboteeah 51). The power distance index refers to the power distribution in the society and degree of inequality that exists (Cullen and Parboteeah 52). Chinese culture has a high power distance index unlike American culture that has low power distance index. This means that inequalities are high in Chinese culture as there are well-defined social classes and status in the society (Cullen and Parboteeah 52). On the other hand, the low power distance in American culture means that power is dispersed and shared. In China, the organizations have a centralized control, high hierarchies, and long chain of command. The members of Chinese companies acknowledge and show high respect to the leaders’ power and decision-making takes place at close-door meetings at the top management level. In American culture, the organizations advocate for decentralization of power and authority

Critical Thinking - Model 3 - Case - Deductive and Inductive Argumens Coursework

Critical Thinking - Model 3 - Case - Deductive and Inductive Argumens - Coursework Example This is the characteristic of most research activities involving scientific studies. In deductive reasoning, the approach to the conclusion always follows a top to bottom manner (Asheim, 47). This follows that the researcher or investigator always commences with the general hypothesis and narrows down to a specific one in his or her conclusion (Winch, 35). In relation to this, it is of crucial significance to note that the case of Edward depicts a form of deductive reasoning. This follows that Edward first starts by general notion and narrows down to a specific notion in order to substantiate his claims. He points out that all nurses always like to draw blood from the patients. Thus, being one of them, the same applies. This is a form of deductive reasoning. As a response, it is necessary for Edward to understand that making conclusions based on unsupported generalized claims is not appropriate. In this manner, it is important to note that nurses differ in their medical practices as well as decisions. Therefore, the decision taken by one nurse should not necessarily be the one that all nurses must follow. This is important in making Edward understand that there is no solid evidence to justify his claims. Thus, it will be in order for Edward to understand that it is not a must that any nurse must follow or copy what others always do. T his will be important in making Edward refrain from making conclusions following unsubstantiated

Cross Culture Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Cross Culture Management - Essay Example Hofstede’s culture model entails four dimensions that are critical in differentiating the national and organization culture. The dimensions include the masculinity versus femininity index (MAS), the individualism versus collectivism index (IDV), power distance index (PDI) and uncertainty avoidance index (UAI) (Cullen and Parboteeah 51).The masculinity refers to the degree to which the society maintains the distinction of traditional male and female roles. The individualism versus collectivism dimension refers to how the cultural values promote ties between the people and processes of decision-making (Cullen and Parboteeah 51). The power distance index (PDI) refers to the degree inequality is evident in the society especially in the distribution of power while the uncertainty avoidance index (UAI) refers to ability of the members of the society to anticipate uncertainty such as taking risk, engaging in conflicts and stability of laws and governance (Cullen and Parboteeah 51). The power distance index refers to the power distribution in the society and degree of inequality that exists (Cullen and Parboteeah 52). Chinese culture has a high power distance index unlike American culture that has low power distance index. This means that inequalities are high in Chinese culture as there are well-defined social classes and status in the society (Cullen and Parboteeah 52). On the other hand, the low power distance in American culture means that power is dispersed and shared. In China, the organizations have a centralized control, high hierarchies, and long chain of command. The members of Chinese companies acknowledge and show high respect to the leaders’ power and decision-making takes place at close-door meetings at the top management level. In American culture, the organizations advocate for decentralization of power and authority

Evaluation of Corporate Performance Research Paper

Evaluation of Corporate Performance - Research Paper Example Its Server and Tools division offers server software, training to developers, cloud-based services. Its Business division offers Microsoft Office and related products. The company markets its products and services across most part of the world. Income Statements (all figures in millions) Year ended June 30, 2011 2012 2013 2014 (projected) Revenue $ 69,943 73,723 77,849 85,634 Cost of Revenue $ 15,577 17,530 20,249 22,274 Gross Profit $ 54,366 56,193 57,600 63,360 Total operating expense $ 27,205 34,430 30,836 33,920 Income before income tax $ 28,071 22,267 27,052 29,940 Provision for income tax $ 4,921 5,289 5,189 5,689 Net income $ 23,150 16,978 21,863 24,251 Figures for the year ended 2014 has been arrived at by projecting 10% growth on revenues and cost of revenues. Income tax provision has been made in the same percentage as made in the current year to arrive at the net income after tax. Ratio Analysis Liquidity Ratios Liquidity of the company can be denoted by several kinds such as current ratio, quick ratio, cash ratio, and cash conversion cycle. a. Current Ratio is given as Current Assets/Current Liabilities For the year ended 2013, Microsoft’s current Ratio = 101,466/37,417 = 2.71 b. Quick Ratio This is also known as the acid-test ratio. This takes into account the most liquid current assets to cover current liabilities. Inventory and less liquid current assets that cannot be converted to cash quickly are eliminated while calculating this ratio. This informs more liquid status of the company. Quick Ratio = (Cash & Equivalents + Accounts Receivable + Short-term Investments)/ Current Liabilities = (3804 + 17,486+73,218)/37,417 = 2.52 Financial Leverage c. The debt-equity ratio is one of the popular financial leverage ratios that provides information regarding the company's leverage state. This is given as = total liability/shareholder's equity = 63,487/78,944 = 0.8 This indicates that for every single dollar of share holder’s equity, there i s 0.8 dollar of debt. d. Debt Ratio Debt ratio is defined as total liabilities/total assets For Microsoft, it is calculated as 63,487/142,431= 0.45 In other words, 45% of the assets of Microsoft have been created from debt funds. Asset Management The return on assets employed in the company will provide information about how assets are used to generate return for shareholders. e. Return on Total Assets It is defined as Net Profit/ total assets employed = 21,863/142,431 =15.34% However, to understand how efficiently current assets are managed in enhancing shareholder’s wealth, it would be appropriate to find return on current assets. f. Return on Current Assets It can be given as net profit/current assets = 21,863/101,466 = 21.55% Profitability There are several measures of profitability and in this paper we calculate net profit margin and profitability against shareholder’s equity. g. Net Profit Margin is given as: Net profit/ revenue = 21,863/77,849 = 28% h. Profitabi lity on shareholders’ fund It can be given as net profit/ total equity = 21,863/78,944 = 27.7% Market Value The market value of the firm can be given by its market capitalization. i. Market Capitalization of Microsoft = No. of shares ? price/share = 8,328 ? 35.52 = $295.8 Billions j. Market Multiples (P/E) It will be interesting to understand P/E ratio in details. It is important to note that the closing price of any stock keeps fluctuating on daily

Ku Klux Klans Effect on America Essay Example for Free

Ku Klux Klans Effect on America Essay The first Klan had first started around the year of 1860s. The first klan had lead up to the effects of the 1920s. The KKK had a tumultious start, and it had a major effect on America in the 1920s. The first klan began in Tennessee, by six Confederate Army Officers, in the winter of 1865. Ku klux Klan rose about four million and spread from the South into the Midwest region and Northern states and even into Canada. The name of the Ku Klux Klan is â€Å"derived from the Grrek word kyklos, meaning circle† (Wikimedia Foundation). ‘Klan was added for the purpose of alliteration† (â€Å"Ku Klux Klan†). The infamous burning-cross icon became a symbol of the KKK in the 1920’s, which was one of many tactics used for intimidation. Perhaps the most distinguishing characteristic of Klan members were the white robes they wore along with cone shaped hats that covered their faces. These costumes accomplished their goal of making them look more outlandish and terrifying, and for the intimidation of their victims (Smith). The Klan was pretty selective in accepting members, only WASPs (White Anglo-Saxon Protestants) could become members. These members possessed the ideology of white supremacy to all other races and ethnic divisions, similar to the concept of Neo-Nazism, however they claim to have based their beliefs on Christian values and nativism. It is often thought that the KKK only hated African-Americans, but many other groups acquired hatred from the Klan, such as Jews, Catholics , homosexuals and various immigrant groups. Anti-Defamination League). Even though the stock started to gain their stocks and shares didnt stop the Great Depression from happening (Kelly). Many people wonder why any group of people would posses such a hatred Dubbs 3 for certain groups of people. While there is no legitimate justification, one factor contributing to their hate was the rapid economic progression in the North, and the stagnant economy of the South. This may have been what angered the white southerners so much that they put blame onto the black population, along with leftover racial disputes from the times of slavery (Trueman). People of today also wonder how society could permit such destruction of life, and also support it. Back then, the Klan had many sources of income including membership fees, funds acquired from various events and sales of Klan propaganda, as well as free will donations. â€Å"This income made the Klan’s many forms of media and strategy possible, such as mass mailings, pamphlets and public events and protests. They also did community service projects such as ‘adopt a highway’ programs to make themselves look good in the eyes of their communities† (Anti-Defamanation League). The members of the Ku Klux Klan did everything in their power to prevent the black community from exercising their newly acquired rights, which was often done during massive events. During a typical KKK event, they dressed in robes symbolizing their rank, then went on nighttime raids, during which they would whip and murder blacks and any of their supporters (â€Å"Ku Klux Klan†). These events, unfortunately, were extremely effective. This lack of a political presence is what allowed the Klan to exist for such a long period of time. KKK existed from the initial founding until around 1870, â€Å"when congress passed the KKK act which allowed authorities to end such activities by force and penalize anyone who affiliated with terrorist organizations† (â€Å"Ku Klux Klan†). At this time, blacks were the only targets of the KKK, for the most part.

Program Management Principles and Program Life Cycle

Program Management Principles and Program Life Cycle A program is collection of correlated projects managed in synchronized manner to acquire benefits which cannot be obtained by managing them separately. While, program management is application of knowledge, skills and tools required to meet program requirements. The terms program and project management look similar but Project management Body of Knowledge(PMBOK) industry guide clarifies the difference between these two terms such as a program comprises number of resources needed for satisfying the specified objectives. A program is a continuing task whereas project is a temporary endeavor to form a sole product or service. In actual, project is a part of program. The program management involves management of interrelated project, while the term program management outsourcing refers to transfer of program administration to outsider management. The program management outsourcing is preferred these days due to some factors such as stakeholder management, benefit management and proper pr ogram governance. In this research paper, the section II describes about the program management in depth such as program management principles and program life cycle etcetera. The section III explains program management outsourcing and organization decision strategy. The following sections demonstrates some factors affecting the success of outsourcing as well as challenges to program management outsourcing are also evaluated. Today, business institutes manage several projects simultaneously with sharing resources from different geographical places. Program management is best solution to run correlated projects, in other ways effective program management is key to success for execution of organizations objectives or to achieve worldwide customer satisfaction. The program management delivers strategic objectives, business plans etcetera. A. Program Management The Program Management Group defines program management as planning and monitoring of tasks and resources across a portfolio of projects and identifies that organization with implemented program management got advantages such as multiple projects can be handled concurrently, alteration in schedules, deadlines or in objectives can be maintained by different high skilled professionals. Program management is technique for managing interrelated projects or for example if a whole project is difficult to operate, then it is divided into smaller number of projects which are handled by number of project managers and all small projects are intended to have single objective for organization and to control these all projects, a program manager is required who will ensure that all projects are running on target and confirm their over-all involvement to program as a whole and responsible for evolution from present business operations to future approach. B. Standard for Program Management Framework by PMI Several Program Management Frameworks exist throughout the worldwide organizations such as PMI based Standard Program management, Managing Successful Programs Framework by UK government etcetera. PMI based Standard Program management consist of mainly three areas such as Program life cycle, Governance of program and managing stakeholders as well as benefits management. Program Governance and Program Stakeholder Management: Program Governance confirms alignment between business policy and pathway to desired outcomes over program life cycle or ensures the progress of program. Program Governance assistances in risk management, benefits of stakeholders and in decision making and delivery management. It also offers an organizational structure, polices and events to support proper program delivery. In other words, Governance in actual is a group of persons with executive and management roles and negligent functions systematized into structures and polices that help to define management values and decision making. Program Stakeholder management is important for establishment of program governance and organizational structure which is observed during program life cycle and program stakeholder management more likely to deal with that how program affect the stakeholders such as organizational culture etcetera and communication strategy is developed for manag ing their expectation and objectives of program Program Benefits Management: Benefit realization plan is developed as a part of program management to schedule benefits measurement activities along with strategic objectives of the organization. This planning includes delivering final benefits within the program and comparing it with initial business cases to confirm that program produces actual benefits. Program Life Cycle: The program milestones are used to manage programs same as project milestones. The program lifecycle involves five consecutive phases starting from pre-program setup, program setup, establishment of program management, Benefits delivery and closing phase. While moving program from different phases, program manager confirms that strategic benefits of program should be aligned with organizations mission and vision and program governance mechanism is recognized and program lifecycle complies with demands of organizations and expected benefits are realized in synchronized manner. Program Management process groups are set of interconnected activities performed to achieve a desired outcome. Program management is technique for improving program from technical and management point of view. The program management resembles with construction management as the Construction Management association of America defines construction management as, a professional service that applies effective management techniques to the planning, design and construction of a project from inspection to completion for purpose of controlling time, cost and quality. Outsourcing program management is process of transferring program life cycle management to outsider program management consultancy(PMC) and program is known as PMC managed program and usually happened in case of big projects and analogous experience, high skills and global class tools and technique and time management are main key points making program management outsourcing, a preferable method. All Public and private sector organizations are moving towards the outsourcing the program management for large scale programs. The program management outsourcing is adopted among various fields such as Public health, Construction, Oil and Gas sector and in telecommunication along with Olympics or any global events. The organizations go for program management consultants for managing large scale programs because of lack of skills and transfer managerial and technical risks to third party. The survey conducted by Rasdorf indicates that in private construction sector mostly go for program management outsourcing than public sector. The survey was conducted on construction sector which covers program management aspects and when organization acquire services from outsourced management or hire external program managers to manage their programs then some factors are considered such as fees to external program manager, which organization providing services and criteria for selection of program manager, relationship between the organization and external service provider, experience of similar projects , on time delivery etcetera and cost can be negligible for decision of hiring any external program managers as more emphasis is on skills and expertise required. A. Why Outsourcing Preferred? The Program management outsourcing increase operational competence and cost budgeting can be reduced and Doz Hamal et al. (1998) [1] discussed that in international market it is difficult to get potential profit from skills and expertise within a firm and increasing demand for products forces organizations to devote in tactical business alliance. Outsourcing is becoming popular because of its benefits such as external program managers examines the program activities and govern the running programs with strategic planning, controlling and scheduling. The ROI (Rate of Interest) is often better than if projects are handled in-house and it becomes better reference for future projects. B. Outsourcing Decision Strategy The benefits, risks and several factors are typically included in making decision of outsourcing. The following figure represents the Outsourcing decision strategy: Figure 1: Outsourcing Decision Model The motivation for outsourcing included three key points such as cost, strategy and political. The cost outsourcing includes cost savings and strategy is more related to outsourcing because of hasty organizational growth and technological advancement and mostly public organizations drive outsourcing for services that include general well-being and social aspects and come under political driven outsourcing. The benefits that can be considered before making decision of outsourcing are cost savings, condensed capital expenses, flexibility, access to newest technology, access to technical expertise and improved accountability. The risks factors should be included while making decision of outsourcing. The poor selection of outsource provider can be a risk and changing environment and supplier problem such as relationship between provider and organization or less control and security can be the potential risks for the decision of outsourcing C. Selection of Oustsourcing provider The selection of provider is important concern after making decision of outsourcing. The skills and expertise are main components while selecting and depending upon the requirement of client, three main capabilities are considered such as delivery competency, relationship and transformation capability. Â   Â   Figure 2: Outsoucing provider`s competenices Proper relationship between Program Management Consultancy and organization is required for success of outsourcing. There are some factors reviewed which contribute to the success of program management outsourcing. A. Business Case: The business case is input documents program planning and building an outsourcing business case is necessary and for this research must be conducted and all assumptions should be clearly defined so that the benefits with outsourcing programs can be assessed. The business case should include substitute analysis that defends adoption of program management consultancy for delivery of program. The outsourcing step covers not only the reduced costs and technical expertise but also covers how business functions are affected for long duration of time. A Good Outsourcing business case determines the outsourcing solution should be associated with technical and business strategies of any firm. The most of the program execution decisions are determined by business cases. Hence, while outsourcing solutions the business cases are the important factors to consider. B. Contract between Organization and Outsource provider: Booz Company directs that contract between the firm and program management consultancy is not just a paper document but it is a vehicle that aligns the interest of two parties and the strong relationship and delivery of good service always motivates customer to outsource more from that service provider. Contract Management Archetypes are the frameworks that investigate outsourcing relationships at individual stage and further at organizational level. C. Program Governance Structure: Program Governance basically develop a structure within which program management is executed and gives active route to monitor results and classify and execute the adjustments to achieve consequence. The organizations should have a structure to define their goals and there is no robust structure, it is implemented as per the practices and dynamics. The program governance is core part of program management that allows the organization to review the progress of the program aims and it provides a framework to get things on time and should be on track. The persons who directs program and organization employees must be organized and to confirm decision making their roles should be framed. D. Roles and Responsibilities : Booz and Company defines that an appropriate relationship structure between the organization and program management provider with accurate operational model can boost up the possibility of project success. The roles and responsibilities are the part of program governance but plays important role in success of outsourcing. In organizational structure the program manager directs other manager to achieve objective allied with business strategy. Program manager is supported by individuals and program management office. The appropriate allocation of roles and responsibilities leads to proper execution of program governance model. The following table demonstrates roles and responsibilities of some of staff members: Table 1: Roles and Responsibilities Roles Responsibilities Program planner The program planner mainly responsible for making planning strategies and schedules for the program and maintain all these activities. Budget administrator Budget administrator responsible for finances of the program and all financial activities. Communication Coordinator The communication coordinator serves communication polices and handle all type of communications for the execution of program. E. Program Stakeholder Management: The standard of Program Management outlines stakeholders as, those who interact with program and those who are affected by the program. The project will not succeed if needs of stakeholders are not considered well. Stakeholder management manages the hopes of the stakeholders and their needs to get task done. The process of stakeholder management comprises the identification of stakeholder and their influence on the program which can be high. Moderate and low as well as communication supervision plan is established and stakeholders are engaged through good communication, relationship etcetera. F. Program Management Office: The program management office(PMO) gives support to managerial and fiscal process. PMO has deep relationship with project coordination and in standardization of projects and enhance program management best practices. A definite procedure along with architypes, devoted program mangers, standards and standardized tools is offered by Program Management Office. The administrative polices, procedures and practices deliver operative framework for working employees for specific program. Program management office included delivery of program on time and within schedule. PMO can differ from single individual like program support to team of persons and can be dispersed over more sites if program distributed worldwide. The program management office is responsible for planning, tacking program and logistics management and setting quality standards, stakeholder management and benefits realization etcetera. Some additional roles are also involved such as auditing and strategic overview of project and providing health checks during the program. Program management key component of success of outsourcing G. Capable Internal Staff: The organizations internal employees should be competent enough to oversight on some part of the programs for adopting substitute ideas and guarantee that programs are running on time and responsible for stakeholder engagement. H. Procedures and process in Program Life Cycle: The program lifecycle consists of program pre-set phase, program set phase which includes scope and planning and after that establishment of program structure and delivery of benefits and last phase is program closure. Program management consultancy is responsible for evolving the program practices, processes across the programs life cycle in coordination with firm and implementation of all programs and procedures are come under program audit office. I. Organization and Program Management Consultancy cultural: The relationship between the organization and PMC has important impact on the achievement of program success. In case of IT projects, there are issues in cross border outsourcing of software and IT programs and for resolving these issues, organization should make appropriate choice of projects and relationship should be managed through cultural trainings and extra efforts are required to manage cross cultural issues of outsourcing. The cultural difference between program management consultants and organization employees can make difference in final output. A good relation between provider and company can make the outsourcing program successful and tries to build long term relationship between client and service provider. Khamooshi et al. conducted a survey to find top challenges of implementing program management outsourcing. The following figure represents the top five challenges. Mainly challenges to program management outsourcing success are improper program management practices and lack of business cases and if roles and responsibilities and delegations are not assigned properly that will lead to obstacle for success of program management outsourcing and improper stakeholder engagement and other top five hindrances to success of outsourcing are difference between culture of organization and program management outsider and absence of program management office , Governance structure absence is also major challenge to outsourcing. Lack of competent internal staff for managing activities and improper contract model between PMC and organization. Figure 3: The Organization and Program management consultants viewpoint on top five challenges The Client firm and PMC Cultural Difference: From study analysis of survey, cultural difference is top challenge to the success of outsourcing. The cultural difference arises when outsourcing internationally come into place such as social and economic difference such difference in culture of United states and United Kingdom. Organizational culture difference is also one aspect when organization is government firm. Due to cultural difference, some organization are resistant to change their work practices while outsourcing. Hence, proper training should be given individuals in organization during outsource from international consultancy specifically in case of IT outsourcing. Non-appearance of Program management Office and Audit functions: The Program management office plays important role in managing large programs and stakeholders. The survey study resulted that it is second biggest obstacle in program management outsourcing. The PMO is only unit of firm that provides regular check on program execution and serves standards and polices to program management consultancy and to client firm also. The absence of PMO can lead to no resources and time optimization and inefficient decision making. Lack of Competent individuals in organization: The organization can outsource the program management but cannot outsource the program governance unit. PMI has been trying to develop a shared program management vocabulary but company and outsource providers still not use same program management language. The non-professional staff in organization can be obstacle to the relationship between firm and PMC. Inappropriate program management Model and Risk allocation strategy: The organization and program management advisor have different scope of interests such as organization like government funded complete their programs with low budget and in short duration of time but on the other hand outsource provider have different perspectives. The contract between both fails to put both firm and program management advisor on same leaf can lay the entire program on risk due to improper program management consultant model. For example, the Booz and Company recommends cost plus incentive fees structure as efficient model in program management outsourcing agreement and inducements are provided after completion of program at time and within budget. But in case of increase delays and cost over runs, performance based risk sharing agreement plan is better method. Suitable program management model and risk strategy can lead to the success of program outsourcing. Lack of efficient Governance structure: In case when a program is outsourced to PMC, too much dependence on provider or blind trust and negligence of role of organization can be happened and leas to several issues that organization does not interfere with program management consultant`s work apart from financial structure and lack of accountability also arises due to unstructured contract administration. For example, PMC accepts design structure that comes from outsider design expert may contain some errors which are notified at the time of implementation and neither program management consultancy nor outsider expert take accountability of occurred errors and benefits should be delivered as expected and this is only possible through good governance structure. The roles and responsibilities of client and outsider should be defined as it is vital part of program governance. Sometimes situation is that shared and indistinct responsibility will lead to solemn consequence. The lack of per formance management is also hindrance to success of outsourcing. In this research paper, a case study related to outsourcing program is reviewed to know about how program management outsourcing concept works with real world examples. A. Background of Case Study: B. Name Learning experience Acknowledgment (Heading 5) References G. Eason, B. Noble, and I.N. Sneddon, On certain integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529-551, April 1955. (references) [2] Â   Â  

Bethel School District Vs. Fraser :: essays research papers fc

Bethel School District vs. Fraser This case involved a public high school student, Matthew Fraser who gave a speech nominating another student for a student elective office. The speech was given at an assembly during school as a part of a school-sponsored educational program in self-government. While giving the speech, Fraser referred to his candidate in what the school board called "elaborate, graphic, and explicit metaphor." After his speech, the assistant principal told Fraser that the school considered the speech a violation of the school's "disruptive-conduct rule." This prohibited conduct that interfered with the educational process, including obscene, profane language or gestures. After Fraser admitted he intentionally had used sexual innuendo in the speech, he was told that he would be suspended from school for three days, and his name would be removed from the list of the speakers at the graduation exercises. Fraser's father brought action against the school board in the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington. He alleged the suspension and punishment were a violation of his son's First Amendment right to freedom of speech. The father sought injunctive and monetary damages under 42 U.S.C. of 1983. The district court awarded the student $278 in damages, $12,750 in litigation costs and attorney's fees, and ordered the school district not to prevent the student from speaking at the commencement ceremonies. The school district appealed the decision, arguing that the speech had a disruptive effect on the educational process. The school district said it had an interest in protecting an audience of minors from indecent speech in the school. The school board believed it had the right to control language that was used during a school-sponsored activity. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the judgment of the district court. The district court found the disruptive-conduct rule unconstitutionally vague and broad, and that withdrawal of the student's name from the graduation speaker's list violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because the rule did not mention such removal as a likely sanction. The court made the case that nothing in the Constitution forbids the states from insisting that certain forms of expression are unfitting and subject to sanctions. (Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 1969) The court affirmed that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate."(Tinker) If the student had given the same speech off the school premises, he would not have been penalized because government officials found his language inappropriate.

Chaucers Views on Women: Griselda and the Wife of Baths the Loathly L

Chaucer's Views on Women: Griselda and the Wife of Bath's the Loathly Lady As a man fascinated with the role of women during the 14th Century, or most commonly known as the Middle Ages, Chaucer makes conclusive evaluations and remarks concerning how women were viewed during this time period. Determined to show that women were not weak and humble because of the male dominance surrounding them, Chaucer sets out to prove that women were a powerful and strong-willed gender. In order to defend this argument, the following characters and their tales will be examined: Griselda from the Clerk's Tale, and the Wife of Bath, narrator to the Wife of Bath's Tale. Using the role of gender within the genres of the Canterbury Tales, exploring each woman's participation in the outcomes of their tales, and comparing and contrasting these two heroines, we will find out how Chaucer broke the mold on medievalist attitudes toward women. Chaucer introduces us to several types of women in the General Prologue of his famous work the Canterbury Tales. Among these women are women of rank and social status: the Prioress, the Nun, and the Wife of Bath. Although they are surrounded by various types of men, these women told tales that made men think twice about crossing their paths. As we read about these women in the prologue, we also get a sense of whom they are: they have money, authority, and an air about them that suggests that they are not just on the pilgrimage just to save their own souls (the Wife of Bath definitely shows this trait better than her religious counterparts.) However, it is not just the women who stand for their sisters; the Clerk jumps on the female bandwagon with a tale of his own. Gender provides a way of reading aspects o... ...n, Lesley. (1994). Feminist Readings in Middle English Literature: The Wife of Bath and All Her Sect. Routledge: London. (pgs 72-73, 196-203) Hansen, Elaine Tuttle. (1992). Chaucer and the Fictions of Gender. University of California Press, Ltd: England. (pgs 188-208). Mitchell, J. Allan. (2005). Chaucer's Clerk's Tale and the Question of Ethical Monstrosity. Studies in Philology. Chapel Hill: Winter 2005. Vol.102, Iss. 1; pg. 1, 26 pgs Rigby, Stephen Henry. (2000). The Wife of Bath, Christine de Pizan, and the Medieval Case for Women. Chaucer Review, (pgs 133-165) Stanbury, Sarah. (1997). Regimes of the Visual in Premodern England: Gaze, Body, and Chaucer's Clerk's Tale. New Literary History 28.2, (pgs 261-289) Weisl, Angela Jane. (1995). Conquering the Reign of Femeny: Gender and Genre in Chaucer's Romance. D.S. Brewer: Cambridge, (pgs 2-3, 91-96)

Sociology Discussions: Immigration

Immigration both legal and illegal immigration have implications on the receiving country. However, illegal immigration usually comes with greater disadvantages that legal entry because while the latter is planned for and considered by authorities socially and economically, the former is potentially harmful on both accounts. Manifest functions in immigration can be explained as expected or intended events and its impacts on the receiving country. Latent functions are unplanned or unintended occurrences in immigration and are rather leniency approaches to immigration.Dysfunctions are associated disturbances in the anticipated (or otherwise) impacts of immigrations both legal and illegal (Kendall, 2007). In both kinds of immigration, the functions apply differently. Typical manifest functions of illegal immigration are to prevent the practice of immigrants’ influx, reduction in crime rate, and protection of jobs across the border, especially menial jobs. Latent functions would b e to try and rescue immigrants who may try to use crude means of immigration, to save their lives and even increasing humanitarian assistance to help them incase of injuries.Manifest dysfunctions are obvious and range from apprehensions and delays, deportation on flimsy accounts of breaking of rules or on spouses who have different citizenship or unfounded suspicion of being terrorists, longer detention burdens taxpayers or unfortunately still, inadequate records. Fatalities may also not be completely eradicated or worse still presence of guides who take payments from infants to let them in. Other major dysfunctions include impacts on public infrastructure and social amenities like school systems, hospitals and recreational facilities that experience increased stresses due to population surges.In effect, there are increased rates of contagious diseases due to health facilities that may not be able to cope with this population influx. The cost of providing essential government servic es usually goes up. Discussion #4 Marriage as a social institution, according to functional paradigm (Parsons, 1961) is built up of various components or parts is decamping from a stable and orderly institution that it was and is basically falling apart in its core functions. Marriage was perceived to be a way of reproduction and happier way of coexistence.When unchecked, reproduction escalated and was halted on its heels by the need for population control through family planning and late marriages. For a family to remain moral, they placed increasingly little attention to child bearing. This reduces the mature male or female individual’s commitment of wanting to engage in a binding marriage for the sake of reproduction. Again talks and reports of higher numbers of failed marriages is a setback to the high hopes of happier life the institution once elicited.Most marrying age adults are tucked away in learning institutions thus reducing these available for permanent stay. Argu ing on the social conflict point of view, marrying off to a man on the basis of wealth for an adult American is not fashionable anymore because the gender economic divide has been bridge through affirmative action and more and more women getting into similar or better paying jobs than adult males. Working class and wealthy women feel increasingly independent and thus do not have to lean any further on men for financial support previously guaranteed in marriage.In need for sexual pleasure, couples thus resort to a lesser economic form of marital commitment that is cohabitation. A contrasting argument on this account is that acute loss or unavailability of jobs means that fewer men have financial control that they would use to lure women into marital lives. Brute coercion into marriage as may have been the occasion, and as is especially in underdeveloped countries seldom exist anymore. Using symbolic interaction to describe the last scenario, it is commonplace to see children born out of wedlock these days.This is partly due to the fact that the society is awash with incidences of single parents – either from divorce or separations – that successfully raise their children. There is an increased confidence (and decreased stigma) in raising children this way. Through observation, the society has come of age to take the situation to mean well for them. The interpretation of the society’s view is that the habit has come of age and is not a stigma anymore as was in early 20th century and before. Reference: Kendall, D. (2007). Sociology in Our Time: The Essentials. 6th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Parsons, T. (1961). Theories of Society: Modern Sociological Theory. New York: Free Press.

Political Philosophy and Brief Critical Evaluation Essay

Sample essay questions? 1. Describe Plato’s scheme for communism in the Republic. (Discuss each of the main features of this life-style. ) Which classes, according to Plato, should practice this way of living? What justification does Plato offer for advocating communism? Offer a brief critical evaluation of Plato’s communism. PHL 107 | study guide for exam 2 | page 4 2. (1) Briefly describe Plato’s allegory of the cave. (2) Then state how the allegory expresses Plato’s position on (a) the place of the Philosopher-Kings in Plato’s utopia, (b) Plato’s distinction between opinion and genuine knowledge (wisdom), and (c) Plato’s position on the motives of the Philosopher-Kings for ruling. 3. (1) What is Plato’s dualistic metaphysics? (2) How is this metaphysics expressed in the allegory of the cave? (3) How is it related to his position on the nature of the human person? 4. (1) What is Plato’s assessment of democracy, and (2) how is this linked to his theory of justice? (3) How might a contemporary defender of democracy respond to Plato? 5. What is the mimetic theory of art? Did Plato invent this theory? Did he accept it? How is this theory related to Plato’s criticisms of the arts? 6. (1) What two reasons does Plato give for proposing to banish the arts from his Republic? (2) How is his position on the arts related (a) to his Theory of Ideas and (b) his position on the highest goal of human living? (3) Offer a brief critical evaluation of Plato’s position on the arts. 7. (1) What does Rawls mean by â€Å"the original position . . . under the veil of ignorance† and how does this serve as the basis for his theory of justice? (2) What are his two principles of justice? Explain the two principles.? (3) Offer a brief critical evaluation of his theory of justice. 8. (1) Starting with Rawls’ â€Å"original position . . . under the veil of ignorance,† do you think you would arrive at a principle or principles of justice similar to those of Rawls, or if different ones, which? Defend your position. (2) As part of your answer give a clear statement of what Rawls means by the â€Å"original position . . . under the veil of ignorance. † 9. (1) What is Aquinas’s causal argument for the existence of God (the 2nd of his five arguments)? Sketch the argument. (2) Critically evaluate the argument. What appears to be the weakest part of the argument? Do you think the argument can be defended in the face of this proposed weakness? Explain. 10. (1) What is the design argument for the existence of God? You may present either Aquinas’s (his 5th) or William Paley’s or the fine-tuning version of the argument (but only one). (2) Why does Darwin’s theory of evolution appear to undermine Aquinas and Paley’s version of the design argument? Why does Darwin’s theory not affect the fine-tuning argument? (3) Do you think that there is some way of salvaging the design argument in the face of Darwin’s theory? Defend your position. 11. Describe Hobbes’ â€Å"state of nature. † What kind of a concept is this — historical, empirical, anthropological, analytic? Explain. Offer your own critical evaluation of Hobbes’ notion of the state of nature? Do you think it is a useful concept? Is it true? Defend your position. 12. Hobbes argues that each person has the resources within themselves to overcome the state of nature.? (1) What are these resources and how do they help the person to overcome the state of nature? (2) But why, for Hobbes, are these internal resources insufficient? Why is a very strong sovereign also needed to overcome the state of nature? (3) What role does contract or covenant play in overcoming the state of nature?

School Nursing and Asthma Program by S2M Assignment

School Nursing and Asthma Program by S2M - Assignment Example S2M indicates that dissemination of information in the meeting will be done with discussion and showing of PowerPoint slides (Melynck & Fineout-Overholt, 2011). S2M also has carefully planned further dissemination to nursing conferences, city meetings, and through a newspaper article in the city. S2M also points out that disseminating the plan requires engaging the attendees by using the Kotter and Cohen Model for change, by reaching out to people’s emotions, rather than through a list of boring facts. The importance of the subject is in the fact that asthma is a leading cause of morbidity, and this should make people stand up and take notice. Most likely, finding stories that pull at heartstrings, regarding students with asthma, who have passed away because of lack of care by those around the children, will get people’s attention. It will, indeed, require commitment on the part of all adults concerned, both at school and from the parents (CPS, 2011). Therefore, S2M is correct that this is a very important issue to be addressed in the schools, and also requires planning, not only for health and medical instruction of school sta ff but of laying in of suitable medical products. Conducting an initial pilot plan will be a good idea, using several schools with a nurse and fully stocked medical center, to take care of issues as they arise. The nurse and the principal can also help with recording the events, what problems they encountered, and make suggestions for adjustments at the end of the pilot program run. Charts and spreadsheets will help in information gathering, plus a database of the medical inventory, in place before the pilot program starts, will give a pretty good idea of how much it costs to outfit the medical center, and what final costs are in implementation (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011).S2M might consider that school nurses should be required to show evidence at the beginning of every school year, that they have obtained ongoing education, particularly in the issues of child asthma in school. While one can assume that nurses will continue with their education, the lives of school children are in their hands and, therefore, appropriate eviden ce will not only protect the children if they need help but also protects the school system as well (NASN, 2014). S2M has made an excellent case for the asthma project and developed a very good dissemination plan for its delivery. Â  

Corporate strategy case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Corporate strategy case study - Essay Example In those days, cross-Channel travel was not dominated by the leisure business as it is today. It was used for military action and primarily for trade. Even at that time, around 100 years ago there was no dearth of proposals. Many people especially the French suggested highly sophisticated and technical ideas for the new link. However, because this was before invention of railways these tunnels were not surprisingly road tunnels. The Treaty of Canterbury which set the original ambitious objectives for the Tunnel stated that the Tunnel should "greatly improve communications between the United Kingdom and France and give fresh impetus to relations between the two countries, contribute to the development of relations and exchanges between the Member states of the European Communities and more generally between European States."2 2007 marked the completion of 13 years of an epic tale that has continued to shock, delight and confuse many. This is the story of the Euro tunnel which was a dream come true for many and many knew back then that it would be history in the making. The company is currently on a route to restructuring and revitalisation of the Eurotunnel. 2004 saw the company sink in its profits and revenues. Richard Shirrefs, chief executive of Eurotunnel, said that the cross-channel rail industry was working on a "failed business model" and that you can't have a 25bn infrastructure which is not generating enough traffic - this is a big structural problem' The Eurotunnel has disappointed its shareholders and owners. The debt crises have been alarming and the fact that the Eurotunnel has not been able to generate traffic is also hard on shareholders. Since debts amount to over 6 billion pounds it is difficult to see what the future of the company will look like. 4 Industry and Competitor Analysis The Eurotunnel is part of the Cross Channel Rail Industry. This industry is currently plagued with a lot of problems. One of these is overcapitalisation. There is a pound 10 billion Eurotunnel investment and pound 15 billion public investment. Secondly it has also been under utilised. It is suffering from under utilisation of expensive infrastructure and financial losses. The high access charge paid by vehicles using the Eurotunnel is limiting traffic. It is a highly fragmented channel because of a possibility of rail; ferry or air travels on this route and in conflict. Competition is set to soar by 2010. However, great opportunities abound this new invention. This is because it has been found that people prefer travelling by rail than plane across the channel. On the other hand there is a huge global opportunity for the cross channel rail industry as people find this medium increasingly convenient and fast. Current Strategy It was observed that the Eurotunnel has lost 25% of volume since 2000 and approximately 5 points of decline in market share. Secondly, the company has lost share even in the truck market with a fall in revenue as well as average yield per truck. Initially the Eurotunnel believed in premium pricing and established that if it keeps prices above its competition it will create a premium image and will thereby able to reap profits accordingly. This backfired. The competitors' low pricing strategy

Carmen by Georges Bizet - Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carmen by Georges Bizet - Report - Essay Example The costumes of the opera singers were typically in the character of a Spanish Seville setting. At one point we saw actual Toreador clothing. PERFORMANCE SETTING According to the Grove Music Online the opera was chosen after a French book. A distant cousin of Bizet was one of the two people who wrote the libretto. The librettist were Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halevy. (Grove 2011)They wrote for other French composers. Bizet chose the subject himself. He wanted to use melodrame as it had been used since 1850 in opera comique . (Grove 2011) An opera where there was dialogue accompanied by music was a technique that came from Italy in the opera buffa. TYPE(S) OF MUSIC . The opera was an opera comique taking after the opera buffa in the classical period. There were spoken parts. Carmen, the provocative bohemiane gypsy was a mezzo- soprano. Don Jose was a tenor which is higher than a bass. Before the opera began there was a short spoken introduction. I did not listen. I was too excited to hear the performance begin. Carmen is a gypsy who provokes men into loving her. A soldier, Don Josee, sees her kill another women and takes her to the police. He falls in love and lets her go. When he finds her again, she is already married to someone else. He becomes a bandit. He kills Carmen out of jealousy or madness because she won't come back to him. This soldier is Don Josee. Carmen, Don Josee, Micaella, and Escamillo are the principal characters. It was so different seeing the opera on stage than seeing it on a screen; the sounds of hearing the whole hall were amazing. Knowing that Bizet never had been to Spain makes one wonder how he could have written such Spanish sounding music. The Grove's said his opera changed the Spaniard's conception of their own music. The two parts of the opera chosen were. Carmen's Fate aria, and the Duet in Act IV before Don Josee kills Carmen. Carmen's Habanara "aria" is using all of Bizet's use of musical genres. 1. It starts with the use of voi ce as if were spoken drama with music being played under the voice. Please note the music is not accompanying the voice at certain points where it is at others. 2. The voice is used in dialogue with the chorus answering 3. The voice is used as an accompaniment to the chorus 4. The voice is used as a solo without any instrumental accompaniment. 5. The full orchestra with the full chorus begins the Fate "aria" The second part chosen is in Act IV of the opera. It is the final duet which ends the opera. The duet between Carmen an Don Josee is exquisitely beautiful. It is long for a duet of the Romantic Era. Bizet uses many techniques to change the emotions and the color of the aria. In the beginning there is very little instrumental intervention and the voices are calm. He is singing of how he loved her and she is saying she doesn't anymore. There is a build up of emotions when she says in the bottom of her soul she doesn't love him. The percussion and strings are playing and there is a change of attitude of Don Josee. He starts to beg and she sings in duet that she cannot go away with him. At one moment we hear the chorus and orchestra playing the Toreador theme. Don Josee knows Escamillo is coming and starts to sing more quickly. When he sings he is going to kill her, the key (tone ) changes to minor and the bass instruments play to show the gravity of the situation. He does kill her and the Toreador, Escamillo comes. This is a duet with